<p>Encapsulated <em>n</em>-Butylidenephthalide Efficiently Crosses the Blood–Brain Barrier and Suppresses Growth of Glioblastoma</p>

Abstract

Background: n-Butylidenephthalide (BP) has anti-tumor effects on glioblastoma. However, the limitation of BP for clinical application is its unstable structure. A polycationic liposomal polyethylenimine (PEI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) complex (LPPC) has been developed to encapsulate BP for drug structure protection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of the BP/LPPC complex on glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Methods: DBTRG-05MG tumor bearing xenograft mice were treated with BP and BP/ LPPC and then their tumor sizes, survival, drug biodistribution were measured. RG2 tumor bearing F344 rats also treated with BP and BP/LPPC and then their tumor sizes by magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation blood-brain barrier (BBB) across and drug therapeutic effects. After treated with BP/LPPC in vitro, cell uptake, cell cycle and apoptotic regulators were analyzed for evaluation the therapeutic mechanism. Results: In athymic mice, BP/LPPC could efficiently suppress tumor growth and prolong survival. In F334 rats, BP/LPPC crossed the BBB and led to tumor shrinkage. BP/LPPC promoted cell cycle arrest at the G 0 /G 1 phase and triggered the extrinsic and intrinsic cell apoptosis pathways resulting cell death. BP/LPPC also efficiently suppressed VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, MMP2 and MMP9 expression. Conclusion: BP/LPPC was rapidly and efficiently transported to the tumor area across the BBB and induced cell apoptosis, anti-angiogenetic and anti-metastatic effects in vitro and in vivo.

<p>Anti-ST2 Nanoparticle Alleviates Lung Inflammation by Targeting ILC2s-CD4⁺T Response</p>

“…PEG-coated NPs have strong ability to cross biological barriers, such as epithelial cells, and escape phagocytosis by immune cells. 23 As expected, delivery efficiency was aided by the expression of DiR ( Figure 1B ). Blocking ST2 may provide a new therapeutic strategy for patients with asthma.…”

Identification of Chemical Components of Qi-Fu-Yin and Its Prototype Components and Metabolites in Rat Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid via UPLC-Q-TOF-MS

“…Similarly, the prototype components and metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid after oral administration of Qi-Fu-Yin have not been reported. Several research showed that some saponins in GRR [ 55 , 56 ], GRP [ 57 ], and phthalides in ASR [ 58 , 59 ] can be absorbed into the cerebrospinal fluid. In addition, saponins in GRR [ 60 ] and GRP [ 61 ], flavonoids in ZSS [ 62 ], and source esters in PRP [ 53 ] have been determined in the brain tissue homogenate.…”

Enhancement of cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis by cationic nano-liposome formulation of n-butylidenephthalide in breast cancer cells

“…Nevertheless, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of BP/LPPC on breast cancer in vitro, its detailed inhibitory effect and mechanisms in tumorbearing mice is a weakness in the present study. To supportive the anticancer activity of BP/LPPC in vivo, we would descript our previous study that revealed BP/LPPC suppressed GBM growth in xenograft and orthotopic animal model and, therefore, we assumed the same formulation of BP/LPPC was implied similar anti-cancer effects in breast cancer in vivo [36]. Furthermore, in our previous research, we utilized LPPC to encapsulate doxorubicin and randomly adsorbed Herceptin on the surface of LPPC.…”

“…Liposome complex containing PEI and PEG (Lipo-PEG-PEI complex, LPPC) encapsulation, a new type drug carrier, has been verified the encapsulation efficacy of LPPC on curcumin, doxorubicin, and BP in breast, colon, glioma, and melanoma cancer therapy in vitro and in vivo and suggests that LPPC could be used as an effective drug carrier for stabilizing the activity of drugs [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. LPPC is composed of DOPC and DLPC, which are two natural lipids that can be metabolized by the liver.…”