<p>Efficacy and Safety of Apatinib in Treatment of Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: An Observational Study</p>

Abstract

Purpose: Unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib for patients with unresectable ICC. Patients and Methods: A total of 10 patients with unresectable ICC were enrolled for this single-center observational study between March 2, 2016, and August 27, 2019. Subjects received 500 mg apatinib on a daily basis. Tumor response was assessed by 1.1 response evaluation criteria in solid tumors. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The drug-related adverse effects were also monitored. Results: Based on the follow-up computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging after treatment, 4 (40.0%), 4 (40.0%), and 2 (20.0%) patients achieved a partial response, stable disease, and progression of the disease, respectively. The response rate and disease control rate were 40.0% and 80.0%, respectively. The median PFS was 4.5 months (95% confidence interval: 3.157~5.843 months); the median OS was 6.5 months (95% confidence interval: 4.744~8.256 months). Furthermore, 3-, 6-, and 9-month OS rates were 77.5%, 61.7%, and 15.0%, respectively. The most common hematologic grade 3 adverse event was neutropenia (10%); the most common nonhematologic grade 3 adverse events were hypertension (20.0%) and hand-foot syndromes (20.0%). No treatment-related grade 4 or 5 adverse events were recorded. Conclusion: Apatinib revealed to have antitumour activity in unresectable ICC patients, with manageable toxicities, and thus might be used as a new treatment option for patients with unresectable ICC.

The Efficacy and Safety of Apatinib Plus Camrelizumab in Patients With Previously Treated Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: A Prospective Clinical Study

“…In this study, apatinib in combination with camrelizumab also showed a potent efficacy in terms of the ORR, PFS and OS and had manageable toxicity. This is the first report of this regimen in advanced BTC, and these results were superior to the previously reported efficacy of apatinib alone in BTC (13,14).…”

“…Apatinib, a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that selectively inhibits VEGFR-2, has proven beneficial for various solid tumors including gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (12). A small sample study of patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma revealed that apatinib has manageable toxicities with a median progressionfree survival (PFS) of 4.5 months and overall survival (OS) of 6.5 months (13). Meanwhile, another study include patients with primary liver cancer showed that apatinib achieved 16% ORR (14).…”

Lenvatinib Combined With a PD-1 Inhibitor as Effective Therapy for Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

“…The medium PFS and OS were 1.9 and 13.4 months ( Mei et al, 2021 ). These results were superior to the previously reported efficacy of apatinib alone in ICC ( Hu et al, 2020 ). Lin J et al reported that lenvatinib with pembrolizumab was considered a non-first-line therapy in treating refractory bile tract carcinoma, and this study obtained ORR which was 25%, and the DCR was 78.1%.…”

Prognostic and Predictive Molecular Markers in Cholangiocarcinoma

“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at , Table S1 : Overview of current and ongoing clinical trials for therapies targeting IDH1/2 in CCA, Table S2 : Overview of current and ongoing clinical trials for therapies targeting KRAS in CCA, Table S3 : Overview of current and ongoing clinical trials for therapies targeting FGFR in CCA, Table S4 : Overview of current and ongoing clinical trials for therapies targeting EGFR and VEGF in CCA, Table S5 : Overview of current and ongoing clinical trials for targeted therapies including multikinase inhibitors in CCA, Table S6 : Overview of current and ongoing clinical trials for therapies targeting the MET, notch, and chromatin remodeling pathways in CCA, Table S7 : Overview of current and ongoing clinical trials for immunotherapies in CCA. References [ 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 , 193 , 194 , 195 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 ] are cited in the supplementary materials.…”