<p>Dyslipidemia and Associated Factors Among Adult Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Armed Force Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p>

Abstract

Background: The development of antiretroviral drugs and subsequent access to combined antiretroviral therapy contributed to the decline in morbidity and mortality rates associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, resulting in an increased life expectancy and improved quality of life for people living with human immunodeficiency virus. However, a cluster of metabolic derangements such as dyslipidemia is increasing, especially for those on antiretroviral therapy. Limited studies were done on the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its associated factors among adult patients on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia which demand the conduct of the present investigation entitled on the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its associated factors among adult patients on antiretroviral therapy in Armed Force Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed between March and April 2018. Systematic sampling method was used to select 353 study participants. Pretested stepwise approach of the World Health Organization questionnaire (WHO Stepwise), document review, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory analysis were used to collect data on different variables under the study. Collected data were entered in Epidata version 3 and analyzed by SPSS version 21. Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemia among study participants was 74.8%. Female participants were twice and half at risk of developing dyslipidemia compared to males (AOR= 2.38; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.66). Similarly, compared to those attended college level of education, not attended formal education (AOR=0.19; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.66), and having primary/secondary educational level (AOR= 0.33; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.66) showed lower odds to develop dyslipidemia. Furthermore, WHO clinical stage II (AOR= 0.35; 95% CI: 0.14,0.92), stage III (AOR=0.25; 95% CI:0.10,0.64), duration on ART (AOR= 1.01; 95% CI: 1.001,1.02), and BMI (AOR =1.13; 95% CI: 1.06,1.23) were significantly associated with dyslipidemia. Conclusion: There exists a high prevalence of dyslipidemia among study participants. Sex, educational status, WHO clinical stage, duration on ART, and BMI were significantly associated factors for dyslipidemia. Intervention strategies including the identified factors are demanded in the setting.

Determinants of Dyslipidemia in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In the current review, BMI was found to have a positive association with dyslipidemia, which is consistent with many previous studies ( 16 , 51 , 54 , 55 ). This finding is also similar to studies conducted in Ethiopia ( 44 ), Uganda ( 56 ), and Tanzania ( 57 ).…”

“…The presentation of an abnormal lipid profile is common in individuals with central obesity, anti-retroviral therapy (ART), metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) ( 15 ). The duration of HIV treatment, advanced age, sex, low CD4 counts, smoking, alcohol consumption, depression ( 12 , 15 , 16 ), and a diet high in saturated fat, sedentary lifestyle, and obesogenic ( 17 ) are the major risk factors of dyslipidemia.…”

The Functional Role of Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis: Novel Directions for Diagnosis and Targeting Therapy

“…Of these, recent research has suggested that dyslipidemia is one of the main risk factors contributing to the incidence and progression of atherosclerosis. Dyslipidemia is a common condition characterized by high plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, or both [ 2 ] and measurement of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides levels are reliable diagnostic markers of dyslipidemia. Triglycerides and cholesterol are major lipids in the blood that are transported by lipoproteins and have different physiological functions.…”

Risk factors and longitudinal changes of dyslipidemia among adult Chinese HIV-1 Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

“…Furthermore, the incidence and severity of dyslipidemia vary based on species of drugs [11]. Studies [5,[12][13][14] to date focused on prevalence and risk assessment of lipid metabolism disorders among patients with HIV were mostly carried out in European populations, while researches in undeveloped countries were limited in undeveloped countries either by length of follow-up or small sample size. Conclusions were inconsistent across researches on account of antiretroviral drug species and intrinsic differences in study population.…”