<p>Differential Metabolic Alterations and Biomarkers Between Gastric Cancer and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</p>

Abstract

Numerous metabolomics studies have been conducted to detect the metabolic mechanisms and biomarkers related to gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Because of the common metabolic features between gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, a differential diagnosis is difficult. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify differential metabolic biomarkers between these two types of cancers. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Embase, and ScienceDirect were searched to identify all metabolomics studies of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer published up to September 2018. Differential metabolites or altered pathways were extracted. The intersections and differences for these metabolites and pathways between gastric cancer and colorectal cancer were compared. Candidate biomarker sets for diagnosis were proposed from biofluid or feces by comparing them with tumor tissues. Results: Totally, 24 and 65 studies were included in gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, and 223 and 472 differential metabolites were extracted, respectively. Eight pathways were reproducibly enriched in blood, tissue and urine in gastric cancer, while, 11 pathways were reproducibly enriched in blood, urine, feces and tissue in colorectal cancer. Candidate metabolic biomarker sets in blood, urine, or feces for these two cancers were proposed. We found 27 pathways (categorized into eight classifications) common to both cancers, five pathways involving 35 metabolites enriched only in gastric cancer, and eight pathways involving 54 metabolites enriched only in colorectal cancer. Conclusion: The altered metabolic pathways showed signatures of abnormal metabolism in gastric cancer and colorectal cancer; the potential metabolic biomarkers proposed in this study have important implications for the prospective validation of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer.

The Distinctive Serum Metabolomes of Gastric, Esophageal and Colorectal Cancers

“…One study has also been performed to distinguish between blood metabolites found in patients with precancerous GC lesions and these are summarized in Table 2 [10]. The first study was a meta-analysis of nine plasma metabolomics studies published up to 2018 [47]. This study was counted as only one study because older data were embedded in the list of differential metabolites.…”

“…In this section, we will begin by examining recent GC cancer metabolomics papers and extracting data regarding the most significantly different metabolites between GC and healthy controls found in blood. Table 1 summarizes three individual studies plus the findings of a meta-analysis for nine GC studies in blood [ 2 , 10 , 47 , 48 ]. Metabolomics studies have also been performed in urine [ 49 ] but as we are comparing three different cancers (GC, EC, CRC), only one sample type (blood) was used for the comparison.…”

“…The first study was a meta-analysis of nine plasma metabolomics studies published up to 2018 [ 47 ]. This study was counted as only one study because older data were embedded in the list of differential metabolites.…”

“…Table S2 is a listing from six different recent studies of the differential metabolites of CRC vs. non-CRC patients. The first reference listed was a meta-analysis of CRC studies published up to 2018 and the metabolites listed were found to be the most significant blood biomarkers (reported 5+ times) [ 47 ]. The meta-analysis was counted as a single study in our analysis because it incorporated some older papers.…”

Metabolomic Study on the Therapeutic Effect of the Jianpi Yangzheng Xiaozheng Decoction on Gastric Cancer Treated with Chemotherapy Based on GC-TOFMS Analysis

“…Duplicated metabolites have been detected in multiple types of samples in GC and colorectal cancer. In recent years, many metabolomic studies on GC have duplicated detected metabolites in multiple types of samples related to GC, indicating their potential utility as candidate diagnostic biomarkers [21][22][23]. However, the characteristics of serum metabolomics after chemotherapy for GC have not been reported.…”