<p>Development of anisamide-targeted PEGylated gold nanorods to deliver epirubicin for chemo-photothermal therapy in tumor-bearing mice</p>

Abstract

Background Gold nanorods (AuNRs), due to the optical and electronic properties namely the surface plasma resonance, have been developed to achieve the light-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) for cancer. However, PTT alone may suffer from inefficient tumor killing. Recently, the combination of PTT and chemotherapy has been utilized to achieve synergistic anticancer effects. Methods In this study, AuNRs capped with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and PEGylated anisamide (a ligand known to target the sigma receptor) have been developed to produce a range of negatively charged anisamide-targeted PEGylated AuNRs (namely Au-CTAB-PAA-PEG-AA) for the combination of PTT and chemotherapy (termed as chemo-photothermal therapy [CPTT]). Epirubicin (EPI, an anthracycline drug) was efficiently loaded onto the surface of Au 800 -CTAB-PAA-PEG-AA via the electrostatic interaction forming Au 800 -CTAB-PAA-PEG-AA.EPI complex. Results The resultant complex demonstrated pH-dependent drug release, facilitated nucleus trafficking of EPI, and induced antiproliferative effects in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. When Au 800 -CTAB-PAA-PEG-AA.EPI complex was further stimulated with desired laser irradiation, the synergistic outcome was evident in PC-3 xenograft mice. Conclusion These results demonstrate a promising strategy for clinical application of CPTT in cancer.

Surface‐functionalised hybrid nanoparticles for targeted treatment of cancer

“…The surface of Au 800 ‐CTAB‐PAA‐PEG‐AA was coated with epirubicin (EPI), an anthracycline drug, through electrostatic interaction resulting in the formation of the Au 800 ‐CTAB‐PAA‐PEG‐AA.EPI complex. The findings confirmed that the chemotherapeutic agent was released on a pH‐dependent basis, that nuclear trafficking of EPI was assisted, and that antiproliferative effects in PC‐3 cells were induced [100].…”

<p>Pathological Mechanism of Photodynamic Therapy and Photothermal Therapy Based on Nanoparticles</p>

“…Cell necrosis (NE) is an unscheduled process of cell death, characterized by cytoplasmic expansion, severe organelle damage and plasma membrane rupture. 63 It leads to the release of cell contents and inflammation. The PTT effect is due to the LSP resonance of gold nanoparticles.…”

Thermal analysis of laser irradiation-gold nanorod combinations at 808 nm, 940 nm, 975 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths in breast cancer model

“…connected to a collimator delivered laser radiation. Tumors established in mice flanks were subdivided into eight treatment groups (n ¼ 4/group), for a total of 32 subcutaneous tumors [20,36,37]. Four groups injected with GNRs underwent NIR-laser exposure according to: (a) GNRs (AR ¼ 4.1)injected tumors, laser irradiation at k ¼ 808 nm, (b) GNRs (AR…”