<p>Depression Relationship with Dietary Patterns and Dietary Inflammatory Index in Women: Result from Ravansar Cohort Study</p>

Abstract

Background and aims: Chronic inflammation is thought to have a major role in the pathophysiology of depression. Diet has been shown to modulate the inflammatory state, thus emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic role in depression. But, little is known about the relationship between dietary intake and depression. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between major dietary patterns, a dietary inflammatory index (DII) score, and depression among women. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study included 4630 women aged 35-65 years using baseline data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study in Western Iran. Diet was evaluated using a validated 125-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to determine DII scores and dietary patterns. Traditional, healthy, and unhealthy dietary patterns were extracted using factor analyses. Results: A significant upward trend in the odds of depression was observed across the tertiles s of DII scores (P-trend: 0.019). After the adjustment for possible risk factors, a high adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with a higher risk of depression than a low adherence (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.1-2.4). A high adherence to a healthy dietary pattern was associated with the lower odds (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.04-0.92). Among the main food groups, a high intake of eggs and refined grains was associated with a higher risk of depression. Conclusion: In women, a refined grain dietary pattern is a risk factor for depression, whereas a healthy dietary pattern is protective. We have also shown that adherence to a proinflammatory diet was significantly associated with depression. Adherence to a dietary pattern with high intakes of dairy products, seafood, red meats, nuts, vegetables, fruits, flavor, and vegetable oils and diets with low inflammatory properties were associated with a lower risk of depression in women.

Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Risk of Depressive Symptomatology in a French Population-Based Cohort of Older Adults

“…Indeed, the MeDi would be inefficient at older ages (mean age of the present study sample was 75.6 years, with a follow-up of up to 16.3 years) or may be less effective in older adults than antidepressant treatment to postpone depression/prevent the development of depressive symptoms in a complex context, including polypathology during aging and/or environmentally deleterious conditions accompanying aging (widowhood for instance). Interestingly, while fruit and vegetables, as food sources of antioxidants [40,41], and fish, as a source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, are part of MeDi components that would reduce the risk of depression [42], other interesting foods or nutrients not part of the MeDi would potentially contribute to beneficial or deleterious associations with the risk of DS. For instance, the consumption of coffee or tea are notably rich providers of polyphenols, with potential neuroprotection due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [41].…”

Dietary inflammatory index and healthy eating index-2015 are associated with rheumatoid arthritis

“…The relationship between E-DII scores and HEI-2015 scores was indicated using Pearson's Correlation test. Similarly (23) , OR (95 % CI) were obtained using binary logistic regression in the crude model and multivariable-adjusted models as follows: Model 1 adjusted for continuous covariates including age, BMI, waist circumference, physical activity and sleep duration and Model 2 adjusted for categorical covariates including gender, smoking, education, dietary supplementation and family history of RA. P values < 0•05 were considered as statistically significant.…”

Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis

“…The process of literature selection is shown in Figure 1. A total of 16 articles with 92,242 participants were included in this metaanalysis, including five cohort studies, one case-control study, and 10 cross-sectional studies (16,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). All studies assessed the DII score based on interviewed food-frequency questionnaires or 24-h diet recalls.…”