<p>Demography and Clinical Features of Chalazion Among Patients Seen at a Multi-Tier Eye Care Network in India: An Electronic Medical Records Driven Big Data Analysis Report</p>

Abstract

Purpose: To describe the prevalence, demographics and clinical presentations of chalazion in patients presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology network in India. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational multi-centric hospitalbased study of 1,982,058 new patients presenting between 2010 and 2019. Patients with both symptoms and signs of chalazion were considered as subjects. The data were retrieved using an electronic medical record system. Results: Overall, 11,270 (0.57%) new patients were diagnosed with chalazion. Of these, 1,085 (10%) patients had recurrent chalazia. The prevalence rates were 0.95% in children and 0.51% in adults. Males accounted for 51% of the cases, and 79% had unilateral affliction. The commonest age group affected was the third decade of life (31%). Of the 13,691 affected eyes with chalazion, 39% were located in the upper eyelid, 6% were lateral in position and 3% have multiple swellings at presentation. Conservative treatment was the preferred treatment modality in 85%. Incision and curettage were performed in 15% eyes and intralesional steroid in 0.55% eyes. Of the 15% patients that were advised surgery, 9% underwent the procedure with a conversion rate of 58%. Conclusion: Only a miniscule percentage of patients seeking eye care in India are affected by chalazion. It is slightly more common in males and is usually unilateral and largely affects the upper eyelids. It is recurrent in a tenth of the cases. Conservative management is the preferred modality.

Effectiveness of Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide (TA) and Incision and Curettage (I & C) for Chalazia

“…Visual obstruction in larger or multiple lesions leads to annoyance in patients due to the pupillary axis being hindered by mechanical ptosis. 4,5,6 Although the first-line treatment of chalazion is conservative, including hot compresses (resolution rate up to 50%), antibiotic and steroid drops are included for infected cases. If they fail, intralesional steroid injects and incision and curettage are conducted.…”

Chalazion and refractive errors

“…Many proposed risk factors include meibomitis, blepharitis, smoking, diabetes, androgen imbalance, and male sex. [ 1 - 4 ] Chalazion has been implicated in causing corneal astigmatism due to the pressure effect on the cornea. [ 5 ] However, the prevalence of various refractive errors in chalazion patients has not been studied.…”

Randomized Prospective Evaluation of Microblepharoexfoliation BlephEx as Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Chalazia

“… 1 It is one of the most common benign eyelid lesions, with a reported prevalence of 0.57% in a large observational study. 2 Although most chalazia are typically asymptomatic, larger ones can cause visual dysfunction as a consequence of mechanical ptosis or induced astigmatism. 3 The treatment of chalazia initially begins with conservative treatment (lid hygiene) including warm saline compresses; surgery is considered second line for chalazia refractory to conservative management.…”

“…3 The treatment of chalazia initially begins with conservative treatment (lid hygiene) including warm saline compresses; surgery is considered second line for chalazia refractory to conservative management. 2,4 Other treatments for chalazia include oral doxycycline, antibiotic-steroid ointments, and meibomian gland expression. 5,6 One suspected cause of chalazia is the Demodex mite, the most common human skin ectoparasite.…”