<p>Current Status Towards 90-90-90 UNAIDS Target and Factors Associated with HIV Viral Load Suppression in Kediri City, Indonesia</p>

Abstract

Introduction: In 2016, UN Member States committed to reduce new HIV infections to fewer than 500,000 annually by 2020, a 75% reduction compared with 2010, reduce AIDS-related deaths to fewer than 500,000 globally as a means of ending AIDS by 2030. The UNAIDS 2020 target is to have 90% of the people living with HIV know their status, 90% of the people living with HIV (who know their HIV status as positive) are already on ART treatment, 90% of people on treatment are virally suppressed. The objective of this study is to determine the current status towards the 2020 90-9-90 UNAIDS target and the factors associated with HIV viral load suppression in Kediri city. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study in Kediri city. The researcher collected secondary data, carried in-depth interviews, then determined the percentage of HIV-positive patients that did a HIV test and received their results as Positive, the percentage of HIVpositive patients that started ART treatment, the percentage of HIV-positive patients that have viral load suppression from the viral load tests done. A simple bivariate logistic and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the significant factors that determine viral suppression. Results: The progress towards the 90-90-90 UNAIDS target was at 6.4%, 74.9%, 9.9%. The time taken by the HIV-positive patient to start ART treatment from the time of confirmation of HIV positive (AOR= 83.191,) and decrease in body weight of the patient (AOR=29. 636,) were found to significantly influence viral load suppression. Conclusion:There is a need to scale up HIV case-detection capacity through creating awareness about HIV, HIV testing and counselling and expand the ART services so as to achieve the 90-0-90 UNAIDS target. Early initiation to ART treatment (Test and Treat) and encouraging body gaining behaviors are needed to achieve viral load suppression.

Barriers and Facilitators to HIV Treatment Adherence in Indonesia: Perspectives of People Living with HIV and HIV Service Providers

“…That HIV stigma is a major impediment to ART adherence is well established in the literature [ 9 , 13 , 39 ], as is the fact that HIV stigma in health care is highly prevalent and highly detrimental for PLHIV [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. As such, our findings dovetail with previous studies reporting that stigma in any form hinders treatment adherence [ 3 , 11 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. PLHIV also often experience intersectional stigma or stigmatization due to multiple identities within marginalized groups (e.g., gender or sexual orientation) [ 60 , 61 ].…”

“…However, ART adherence among PLHIV in Indonesia is low [ 2 ]. In terms of the 95-95-95 targets, the UNAIDS data for 2021 indicated that, of the estimated 610.000 PLHIV in Indonesia, only 66% are aware of their HIV status, 26% on ART, and no 2021 data was available on viral suppression [ 3 ], but earlier data also showed very poor rates of viral suppression [ 4 , 5 ]. Clearly, Indonesia, as a whole, does not meet the 95-95-95 targets [ 6 ] despite efforts, such as the 2012 continuum of care government initiative (Layanan Komprehensif Berkesinambungan) [ 7 ] and regional activities, such as the governor of Jakarta having signed the Paris Declaration in 2015 [ 8 ].…”

Viral load suppression and its predictor among HIV seropositive people who receive enhanced adherence counseling at public health institutions in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. Retrospective follow-up study

“…The current study includes all individuals with high viral load, whereas the previous study includes only those who were on the first-line ARV regimen. On the contrary, this finding is greater than the finding reported in the studies done in Southwestern, Ethiopia (20.3%) [ 51 ], Harare, Zimbabwe (31.2%) [ 26 ], Mumbai, India (28%) [ 24 ], Kediri City, Indonesia (9.9%) [ 52 ], a worldwide systematic review (70.5%) [ 53 ], and meta-analysis done by WHO (46.1%) [ 21 ].…”

Continuum of Care UNAIDS Fast-Track Targets Evaluation of Patients Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

“…Huerga et al [13] reported higher values of 90-90-90 targets on women (79%-71%-93%) compared to men (68%-68%-92%) on the South Africa population from Mbongolwane, Eshowe, and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. The reported progress towards 90-90-90 on the Kediri city population in Indonesia was 6.4%-74.9%-9.9%, as reported by Sekalembe et al in 2020 [14]. In Rwanda, a study conducted in 2018 reported 97% of people living with HIV on ART, and 91% of those on ART were virally suppressed [15].…”