<p>Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Benefit of Cervical Cancer Screening with Liquid Based Cytology Compared with Conventional Cytology in Germany</p>

Abstract

Objective: To assess the health economic impact of cervical screening with liquid based cytology (LBC) compared with conventional cytology (CC) in Germany.Methods: An economic model was constructed depicting the management of a hypothetical cohort of women aged ≥20 years who undergo cervical screening in Germany. The model estimated the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of LBC compared with CC at 2017/18 prices over a time-horizon of 70 years. Results: Performing cervical screens with LBC instead of CC is expected to increase the probability of detecting a true positive over a subject's lifetime by 73% (0.038 versus 0.022) and of diagnosing a subject with stage 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3) (0.019 versus 0.011). Women screened with LBC instead of CC are expected to have a 57% reduction in the probability of having undetected CIN3 (0.006 versus 0.014) and to experience a 44% reduction in the probability of transitioning into disease progression (from 0.018 to 0.010). The mean discounted lifetime cost of healthcare resource use associated with performing cervical screens with LBC and CC was estimated at €4852 and €7523 per subject respectively. For every Euro invested in cervical screening with LBC instead of CC, the German healthcare system could potentially save~€170 over a subject's lifetime. Conclusion: Within the study's limitations, the analysis showed that LBC affords a costeffective cervical screening test compared with CC in Germany, since it improves detection rates and has the potential to lead to a reduction in disease progression for less cost. ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research Dovepressopen access to scientific and medical research Open Access Full Text Article submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research 2020:12 153-166

Investigation of the Clinical Application Value of HR-HPV DNA Combined with Liquid Based Cytology in Colposcopy of Cervical Cancer

“…Through accurate screening tests for biopsy under colposcopy clear objectives, for patients with cervical lesions can reduce the physical pain in the inspection process. For patients with cervical lesions, the diagnosis rate can be effectively improved, and corresponding treatment measures can be taken in the early stages to prevent the further development of the disease [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Cervical Cancer Prophylaxis—State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

“…During a Pap smear, cells taken from the cervix are smeared on a slide, while in LBC, they are washed and suspended in a preservative solution. The advantage of LBC is that the material can be used for additional testing for HPV DNA [ 29 , 30 ]. The sensitivity of the Pap test is estimated to be 30–87% and specificity to be 86%.…”

“…It is difficult to argue with this argument, but it is important to note that LBC can reduce false negative results, decreasing the incidence of invasive CC cancer in the population, which in turn will reduce treatment costs. According to estimates from the German health care market, every EUR 1 spent on an LBC instead of a Pap smear will result in a savings of EUR 170 over the lifetime of a patient undergoing screening [ 29 ].…”

Quality and performance of Papanicolaou test using the clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) EP12-A2 guidelines: A single-center study in Peru

“…[ 2 3 ] One of the most important technological limitations of the Papanicolaou test (PAP) is its low sensitivity. [ 4 5 ] Although this limitation improves with the repetition of the test during gynaecological follow-up, the sensitivity fluctuates between 30 and 80%, affecting the detection of people with the disease (false negatives), which is necessary for geographic contexts where the population attends the control discontinuously annual. [ 2 6 7 ]…”