<p>Comparison of the adhesion of calcium oxalate monohydrate to HK-2 cells before and after repair using tea polysaccharides</p>

Abstract

Background: Kidney stone formation is closely related to renal epithelial cell damage and the adhesion of calcium oxalate crystals to cells. Methods: In this research, the adhesion of human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) to calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals with a size of approximately 100 nm was studied. In addition, the inhibition of crystal adhesion by four tea polysaccharides (TPS0, TPS1, TPS2, and TPS3) with the molecular weights of 10.88, 8.16, 4.82, and 2.31 kDa, respectively were compared. Results: When oxalic acid-damaged HK-2 cells were repaired, cell viability increased. By contrast, reactive oxygen species level, phosphatidylserine eversion, and osteopontin expression decreased, thus indicating that tea polysaccharides have a repairing effect on damaged HK-2 cells. Moreover, after repairing the damaged cells, the amount of adherent crystals was reduced. The repair effect of tea polysaccharides is closely related to molecular weight, and TPS2 with the moderate molecular weight displayed the best repair effect. Conclusion: These results suggest that tea polysaccharides, especially TPS2, may inhibit the formation and recurrence of calcium oxalate kidney stones.

Modulation of Calcium Oxalate Crystal Growth and Protection from Oxidatively Damaged Renal Epithelial Cells of Corn Silk Polysaccharides with Different Molecular Weights

“…The formation of kidney stones is closely correlated to the heterogeneous nucleation, growth, and aggregation of minerals and the adhesion of crystals onto renal epithelial cells caused by urine supersaturation [3]. Renal epithelial cell injury aggravates the risk of kidney stone formation [4].…”

Preprotection of Tea Polysaccharides with Different Molecular Weights Can Reduce the Adhesion between Renal Epithelial Cells and Nano-Calcium Oxalate Crystals

“…Tea polysaccharide (TPS0) was provided by Shaanxi Ciyuan Biological Co., Ltd. and its molecular weight is 10.88 kDa. The degradation of polysaccharides was performed as previously described [13,17]. The molecular weights of TPS1, TPS2, and TPS3 were 8.16, 4.82 and 2.31 kDa, respectively.…”

“…Model. According to our previous study [17], HK-2 cells were cultured in a DMEM-F12 culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 U/mL penicillin-100 μg/mL streptomycin antibiotics with pH 7.4 at 37°C in a 5% CO 2 humidified environment. Upon reaching an 80%-90% confluent monolayer, cells were blown gently after trypsin digestion to form cell suspension for the following cell experiment.…”

“…Osteopontin (OPN) Expression Detection. According to our previous study [17], the OPN expression was detected by fluorescence staining. The experimental model is the same as Section 2.2.…”

“…The prevention of kidney stones is more important than clinical treatment [14][15][16]. In our previous studies, we have found that polysaccharides extracted from green tea [13,17] and Porphyra yezoensis [18] have the ability of repairing damaged renal epithelial cells. The cells repaired by polysaccharide inhibited the adhesion of CaOx crystals and promoted the endocytosis of the adherent crystals.…”