<p>Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Pathogens</p>

Abstract

To differentiate between respiratory infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, we simultaneously tested for SARS-CoV-2 and pathogens associated with CAP to determine the incidence and impact of respiratory coinfections in COVID-19 patients. Patients and Methods: We included 250 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19. RT-PCR was used to detect influenza A, influenza B and respiratory syncytial viruses. Chemiluminescence immunoassays were used to detect IgM antibodies for adenovirus, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the serum of patients. Based on these results, we divided the patients into two groups, the simple SARS-CoV-2-infected group and the coinfected SARS-COV-2 group. Coinfected patients were then further categorized as having a coinfection of viral pathogen (CoIV) or coinfection of atypical bacterial pathogen (CoIaB). Results: No statistically significant differences were found in age, gender, the time taken to return negative SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results, length of hospital stays, and mortality between the simple SARS-CoV-2 infection group and the coinfection group. Of the 250 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 39 (15.6%) tested positive for at least one respiratory pathogen in addition to SARS-CoV-2. A third of these pathogens were detected as early as the 1st week after symptom onset and another third were identified after more than three weeks. The most detected CAP pathogen was C. pneumoniae (5.2%), followed by the respiratory syncytial virus (4.8%), M. pneumoniae (4.4%) and adenovirus (2.8%). Patients coinfected with viral pathogens (CoIV) (n=18) had longer hospital stays when compared to patients coinfected with atypical bacterial pathogens (CoIaB) (n=21). Except for one fatality, the remaining 38 coinfected patients all recovered with favourable outcomes. Conclusion: Coinfections in COVID-19 patients are common. The coinfecting pathogens can be detected at variable intervals during COVID-19 disease course and remain an important consideration in targeted treatment strategies for COVID-19 patients.

Co-Infection with Common Respiratory Pathogens and SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia and Laboratory Biochemistry Findings: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study of 78 Patients from a Single Center in China

“…ACE2 receptors are ubiquitous in the human body, and co-infecting pathogens can affect the ACE2-related signaling pathways. Our results are consistent with the previously reported findings [ 21 ] showing no difference in the rate of co-infections among mildly, moderately, and severely ill COVID-19 patients. CRP and PCT play vital roles in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.…”

BCG, muramylpeptides, trained immunity (part II): a low molecular weight alternative to multicomponent bacterial immunostimulants for prevention of respiratory infections during a pandemic

“…поэтому актуальность неспецифической профилактики Ори в группах риска в условиях пандемии COVID-19 не снижается и даже возрастает с учетом того, что коинфицирование некоторыми респираторными патогенами усугубляет течение SARS-CoV-2-инфекции [11]. если заболевания, вызванные вирусами гриппа а/в и Streptococcus pneumoniae, поддаются частичному контролю с помощью вакцин, то респираторно-синцитиальный вирус, аденовирус, риновирус, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae и другие патогены, достаточно часто выявляемые у больных COVID-19 [11,12], могут быть объектами неспецифической иммунопрофилактики.…”

The importance of seasonal influenza vaccination for people with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic

“…Early data from China indicate that SARS-CoV-2 coinfections with influenza A, influenza B, or respiratory syncytial virus were common (15.6% of COVID-19 patients also tested positive for at least one of these viruses). 14 COVID-19 patients coinfected with other viral pathogens had longer hospital stays when compared with patients coinfected with atypical bacterial pathogens ( Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae ). 14 Beyond the potential for an additive impact to morbidity and mortality from co-circulating respiratory illnesses during 2020–2021, an increase in seasonal influenza during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic could overwhelm health-care resources.…”