<p>Circulating Biomarkers of Handgrip Strength and Lung Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease</p>

Abstract

Purpose: COPD is a multisystem disease and there is a need for clinical serum markers that can assess the decline in lung and muscle function in COPD. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential association of serum club-cell protein 16 (CC16), α-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) and total sialic acid (TSA) with spirometry, hand-grip strength and quality of life to assess important disease outcomes. Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study and data were collected from the patients at teaching hospitals of Gomal University and the University of Health Sciences in Pakistan. The study population included 1582 participants (Non-COPD; N = 788, COPD; N = 845) >55 years of age from both sexes, with data from structural interviews, clinical examinations, laboratory investigations, spirometry and hand-grip strength measurements. Results: Serum TSA and CC16 were significant predictors of FEV 1 % (p < 0.05) and handgrip strength in advanced stages of COPD (p < 0.05 each) in both sexes. Men had higher absolute and adjusted hand-grip strength than women in all groups (p < 0.05). Hand-grip strength was significantly associated with FEV 1 % in both genders (p < 0.05) with stronger effect in women (r 2 = 0.075). Serum HDL-C was an independent predictor of hand-grip strength and FEV 1 % (p < 0.05) in both genders. Participants with extreme problem on EQ-5D parameters had more severe COPD and reduced hand-grip strength (all p values < 0.05). Conclusion: Taken together, these studies show that the serum expressions of TSA and CC16 have correlations with spirometry and muscle decline in COPD. Further studies should be conducted to establish their efficacy in monitoring disease progression in COPD.

Plasma CAF22 Levels as a Useful Predictor of Muscle Health in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

“…Several studies have investigated candidate biomarkers of lung and muscle health in COPD as a tool to monitor disease severity in COPD, which can be helpful in diagnosing and predicting the disease progress and response to therapy [ 7 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Our results demonstrated the clinical utility of plasma CAF22, which we proposed as a feasible, noncomplex marker of the muscle decline at various stages of COPD.…”

“…Hand-grip strength was measured by a digital handgrip dynamometer (CAMRY, South El Monte, CA, USA) as described before [ 7 ]. The participants were instructed to sit down with their elbows flexed at an angle of 90° with the dynamometer in hand in the supine position.…”

“…Hand-grip strength (HGS) is recognized as a basic measure of determining upper extremities musculoskeletal strength [ 4 ] and several studies have reported a decline of HGS in COPD patients [ 5 , 6 ]. We have recently shown a positive association between HGS and forced expiratory volume (FEV 1 %) in COPD [ 7 ], which can affect disease outcomes such as hospitalization, exacerbation and risk of death. However, accurate prediction of disease outcomes requires progressive tracking of lung and skeletal muscle dysfunction at various stages of COPD.…”

Circulating Biomarkers of Accelerated Sarcopenia in Respiratory Diseases

“…Hand-grip strength was measured using a digital handgrip dynamometer (CAMRY, South El Monte, CA, USA) as described before [ 26 ]. The participants were instructed to sit down with their elbows flexed at an angle of 90◦ with the dynamometer in hand in the supine position.…”

SR stress in locomotor muscles of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“…Various muscle diseases including genetic & inflammatory myopathies, cancer cachexia and sarcopenia result in prolonged elevation of SR stress and its downstream effects (12). Furthermore, a direct causality between SR stress and muscle detriment has also been proposed since mitigating SR stress can partially restore muscle mass and/or strength in experimental animal models (13,14).We have previously shown that the muscle weakness in COPD is associated with reduction in serum sialic acid (15), a monosaccharide with various biological functions. Sialic acid has involvement in SR stress and apoptosis (16) while deficiency of it leads to oxidative stress and atrophy in skeletal muscle (17).…”