&lt;p&gt;Children and Youth Who Use Cannabis for Pain Relief: Benefits, Risks, and Perceptions&lt;/p&gt;

Woo, Julia; Reekum, Emma A van; Rosic, Tea; Samaan, Zainab

doi:10.2147/ahmt.s254264

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The Canadian Pediatric Society asked policymakers and physicians to limit pediatric access to medical Cannabis until further evidence becomes available since the efficacy or safety of Cannabis use for any indications in children is not shown. Moreover, self-medicate interventions with Cannabis can also be harmful (90).…”

Section: Risks Of Long-term Treatment With Cannabis/ Cannabinoids In Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis and the Gastrointestinal Tract

Cohen

Neuman

2020

J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Cannabis has been used for its medicinal purposes since ancient times. Its consumption leads to the activation of Cannabis receptors CB1 and CB2 that, through specific mechanisms can lead to modulation and progression of inflammation or repair. The novel findings are linked to the medical use of Cannabis in gastrointestinal (GI) system. PURPOSE: The objective of the present paper is to elucidate the role of Cannabis consumption in GI system. An additional aim is to review the information on the function of Cannabis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS AND RESULTS: This review summarizes the recent findings on the role of cannabinoid receptors, their synthetic or natural ligands, as well as their metabolizing enzymes in normal GI function and its disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and possible adverse events. The synergism or antagonism between Cannabis’ active ingredients and the “entourage” plays a role in the efficacy of various strains. Some elements of Cannabis may alter disease severity as over-activation of Cannabis receptors CB1 and CB2 can lead to changes of the commensal gut flora. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) contributes to gut homeostasis. The ability of ECS to modulate inflammatory responses demonstrates the capacity of ECS to preserve gastrointestinal (GI) function. Alterations of the ECS may predispose patients to pathologic disorders, including IBD. Clinical studies in IBD demonstrate that subjects benefit from Cannabis consumption as seen through a reduction of the IBD-inflammation, as well as through a decreased need for other medication. NAFLD is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver. The occurrence of inflammation in NAFLD leads to non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis (NASH). The use of Cannabis might reduce liver inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: With limited evidence of efficacy and safety of Cannabis in IBD, IBS, and NAFLD, randomized controlled studies are required to examine its therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, since long term use of the plant leads to drug use disorders the patients should be followed continuously.

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Section: Risks Of Long-term Treatment With Cannabis/ Cannabinoids In Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis and the Gastrointestinal Tract

Cohen

Neuman

2020

J Pharm Pharm Sci

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“… 14–16 Other conditions commonly self-reported as reasons for initiating medical cannabis treatment, such as chronic pain, have limited evidence supporting their efficacy. 17 Importantly, while the number of medical cannabis total registrants increased in the mid-to-late 2010s, 5 data from Monitoring the Future, a national wide survey of drug use from 1975–2023, did not suggest similar increases in medical cannabis use among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders. 18 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Medical Cannabis Patients Under the Age of 21 in the United States: Description of Demographics and Conditions from a Large Patient Database, 2019-2023

Doucette,

Hemraj,

Bruce

et al. 2024

AHMT

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Introduction Existing research on medical cannabis patients has often overlooked those younger than 21. This study aimed to detail the frequency and rate of pediatric medical cannabis patients in the US using a large patient database. Methods Utilizing Leafwell Patient Database data from 2019 to mid-2023, we described demographics and qualifying conditions, employing descriptive statistics and χ2 tests to discern differences between minors (0–17 years) and young adults (18–20 years). We calculated rates per 100,000 population by state. Results Analyzing 13,855 patients, 5.7% were minors and 94.3% were young adults. Anxiety emerged as the primary self-reported condition for both groups, yet differences were seen for other conditions. Differences were observed by race/ethnicity, health insurance status, residency in adult-use states, and number of reported conditions. Notably, both groups reported a similar average number of conditions. Conclusion This study underscores demographic distinctions between minor-aged medical cannabis patients and young adults. There is a need for comprehensive clinical research addressing efficacy, safety, and tailored guidelines specific for pediatric medical cannabis patients. Such insights are pivotal for healthcare providers and policymakers in navigating medical cannabis treatment protocols.

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Tribal Identity, Pain Interference, and Substance Use Among American Indian and Alaska Native Adolescents

Jagtiani,

Livingston,

Barry

et al. 2024

JAMA Pediatr

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ImportanceSubstance use is high among American Indian/Alaska Native adolescents. Pain interference is a risk factor for substance use, and identifying potential protective factors, such as Tribal identity, is important to help inform culturally grounded substance use prevention strategies.ObjectiveTo examine the protective potential of Tribal identity as a moderator in the association between pain interference and substance use in American Indian/Alaska Native adolescents.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study of 10th-grade students self-identifying as American Indian/Alaska Native was conducted among students enrolled at 20 high schools on or near the Cherokee Nation Reservation. Data for this study were collected from the baseline assessments of a cluster randomized trial to prevent substance use among adolescents living on or near the Cherokee Nation Reservation. Inclusion criteria for high schools’ participation included being located within counties that partially or fully fall within the Cherokee Nation reservation, a town population of 3000 individuals or fewer, and class sizes between 30 and 100 students. Exclusion criteria included high schools within metropolitan and micropolitan cores (per the US Census Bureau’s Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes) and the existence of an established community drug prevention coalition. Student surveys were conducted from September 2021 to May 2024.ExposurePain interference in the 7 days prior to baseline assessment.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were past 30-day alcohol use, marijuana use, and prescription opioid misuse. Generalized estimating equations Poisson models were used, with an exchangeable correlation structure clustered on the school level using baseline data from a cluster randomized trial to prevent alcohol and substance use among adolescents. For each substance, a separate multivariable model was fit, which included pain interference, Tribal identity, an interaction term between pain interference and Tribal identity, age, gender, food insecurity, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms.ResultsAmong 514 self-identified American Indian/Alaska Native students at 20 high schools on or near the Cherokee Nation Reservation, mean (SD) participant age was 15.59 (0.62) years, and 252 participants (49.0%) self-identified as female. Pain interference was associated with alcohol use and prescription opioid misuse in American Indian/Alaska Native adolescents, controlling for age, gender, food insecurity, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Tribal identity significantly moderated the association between pain interference and alcohol use (coefficient, −0.13; 95% CI, −0.23 to −0.02).Conclusions and RelevanceWhen Tribal identity was high, the adverse association of pain interference with alcohol use was significantly attenuated. This demonstrates a protective role of Tribal identity on alcohol use, which can inform future substance use prevention efforts among American Indian/Alaska Native adolescents.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04839978

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<p>Children and Youth Who Use Cannabis for Pain Relief: Benefits, Risks, and Perceptions</p>

Cited by 9 publications

References 63 publications

Cannabis and the Gastrointestinal Tract

Cannabis and the Gastrointestinal Tract

Medical Cannabis Patients Under the Age of 21 in the United States: Description of Demographics and Conditions from a Large Patient Database, 2019-2023

Tribal Identity, Pain Interference, and Substance Use Among American Indian and Alaska Native Adolescents

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