<p>Behavioral Risk Factors Of Non-Communicable Diseases Among A Nationally Representative Sample Of School-Going Adolescents In Indonesia</p>

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and correlates of behavioral non-communicable diseases (NCD) risk factors among adolescents in Indonesia. Methods: Cross-sectional national data were analyzed from 11,124 in-school adolescents (mean age 14.0 years) of the Indonesia Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) in 2015. Seven behavioral NCD risk factors (substance use, dietary behavior, overweight or obesity, low physical activity, and sedentary behavior) were assessed by questionnaire in a classroom setting. Results: The prevalence of low physical activity was 87.8%, insufficient fruit and vegetable intake 76.8%, having soft drinks daily 27.9%, leisure-time sedentary behavior 27.3%, overweight or obesity 15.8%, current tobacco use 12.8%, and alcohol use 4.4%. From the seven behavioral NCD risk factors, the mean was 2.5 (SD=1.0), and almost half (46.5%) had at least three risk factors. In adjusted linear regression analysis, being a boy, increasing age and psychological distress increased the odds and hunger or food insecurity and parental support decreased the odds for having behavioral risk factors. Conclusion: A high co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors was identified. Several risk factors (older age, boys, distress, and poor parental support) were identified that can be targeted in intervention programs.

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Research in Indonesian Youth: A Scoping Review

“…At least 12 nationally representative studies reported the prevalence of physical activity and sedentary behavior (see Table 2 ). The definition of sufficient physical activity in children and adolescents varied in the included studies, from obtaining at least 150 min of MVPA per week [ 31 , 32 ], doing 60 min of MVPA per day at least five days per week [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], to obtaining at least 60 min of MVPA daily [ 37 , 38 ]. The prevalence ranges between 12.2% and 52.3% for “sufficient” physical activity, and between 24.5% and 33.8% for sedentary behavior ≥3 h per day (see Table 2 ).…”

Ideal Cardiovascular Health Behaviours in Nationally Representative School-Based Samples of Adolescents in the Caribbean

“…21 The psychological distress items (no close friends, loneliness, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt) were summed and grouped into 0=0, 1=1 single, and 2–5=2 multiple. 23 “The four items on parental or guardian support were summed and classified into three groups, 0–1 low, 2 medium, and 3–4 high support”. 23 …”

“… 23 “The four items on parental or guardian support were summed and classified into three groups, 0–1 low, 2 medium, and 3–4 high support”. 23 …”

Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors Among Adolescent Boys and Girls in Bangladesh: Evidence From a National Survey

“…Furthermore, several studies have identified the coexistence of multiple risk factors for NCDs, such as low fruit and vegetable consumption, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol use, sedentary behavior, being overweight or obesity during adolescence [11][12][13][14]. All of these risk factors are modifiable, and studies have demonstrated that practicing a healthy lifestyle such as consuming healthy food, engaging in regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco could prevent 80% of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, and 40% of cancers [15].…”