<p>Bacterial Profiles and Their Associated Factors of Urinary Tract Infection and Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Gram-Negative Uropathogens Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeastern Ethiopia</p>
Abstract:Purpose: To determine the bacterial profile with its associated risk factors and to identify extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacterial uropathogens among diabetic patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeastern Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to September 2018. A total of 336 diabetic patients were included using a simple random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and risk… Show more
“…(4%); E. faecalis and Streptococcus spp. each (1.3%), and this study was similar to the previous studies of Kibret and Abera [ 13 ] and Alemu et al [ 14 ]. However, the observed high proportion of E .…”
Urinary tract infection remains the most common infection widespread worldwide in both community and hospital settings. Rapidly increasing antibiotic resistance of uropathogens is resulting in limited treatment options. Thus, understanding the current uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibilities is essential for effective urinary tract infection treatment. The purpose of this study was to isolate, characterize, and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens associated with urinary tract infection at Pawe General Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from January to April, 2020, at Pawe General Hospital. Midstream urine specimens were collected from 141 individuals with suspected urinary tract infection for bacteriological identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Among the 141 study participants, twenty-nine (20.6%) showed significant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli (42.6%) had the highest proportion of isolated uropathogen followed by Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. each (10.7%); Proteus spp. (9.3%); coagulase negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacter spp. each (6.7%); Citrobacter spp. (4%); and Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus spp. each (1.3%). Outpatient isolates showed a resistance of 64% and 78.6% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and tetracycline, respectively. Inpatients showed 63.9% and 87.2% of resistance to cephalexin and tetracycline. It was also observed that all the isolates have a multiple antimicrobial resistance index greater than 0.20 except Citrobacter spp. (0.142) in inpatients. Even though in this locality, most isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and norfloxacin, they are considered appropriate antimicrobials for empirical treatment of urinary tract bacterial infections. Periodic monitoring of etiology and drug susceptibility is highly recommended, along with health education on the transmission and causes of urinary tract infection.
“…(4%); E. faecalis and Streptococcus spp. each (1.3%), and this study was similar to the previous studies of Kibret and Abera [ 13 ] and Alemu et al [ 14 ]. However, the observed high proportion of E .…”
Urinary tract infection remains the most common infection widespread worldwide in both community and hospital settings. Rapidly increasing antibiotic resistance of uropathogens is resulting in limited treatment options. Thus, understanding the current uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibilities is essential for effective urinary tract infection treatment. The purpose of this study was to isolate, characterize, and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens associated with urinary tract infection at Pawe General Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from January to April, 2020, at Pawe General Hospital. Midstream urine specimens were collected from 141 individuals with suspected urinary tract infection for bacteriological identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Among the 141 study participants, twenty-nine (20.6%) showed significant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli (42.6%) had the highest proportion of isolated uropathogen followed by Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. each (10.7%); Proteus spp. (9.3%); coagulase negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacter spp. each (6.7%); Citrobacter spp. (4%); and Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus spp. each (1.3%). Outpatient isolates showed a resistance of 64% and 78.6% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and tetracycline, respectively. Inpatients showed 63.9% and 87.2% of resistance to cephalexin and tetracycline. It was also observed that all the isolates have a multiple antimicrobial resistance index greater than 0.20 except Citrobacter spp. (0.142) in inpatients. Even though in this locality, most isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and norfloxacin, they are considered appropriate antimicrobials for empirical treatment of urinary tract bacterial infections. Periodic monitoring of etiology and drug susceptibility is highly recommended, along with health education on the transmission and causes of urinary tract infection.
“…This finding is contrary with other studies, which reported E. coli as predominant bacterial isolate (27,42,45,40). However, E. coli was the most predominant isolate among gram negative bacterial isolates with an isolation rate of 8 (14.0%), which is supported by most of the studies conducted in Hawassa (42) Metu (27) Ghana (16),Nigeria (42.3) (27, 37, 40, 42).…”
Background: Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infection (Asymptomatic bacteriuria and asymptomatic candiduria) in sexually active non-pregnant female’s population in most cases may not be routinely detected at the initial and reversible stages. This is due to the fact that most women may not feel compelled to seek medical help.
Objectives: to determine the prevalence, and factors associated with asymptomatic urinary tract infection, and antibiogram of the uropathogen isolates among asymptomatic female college students
Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at selected colleges found in Dessie from January 2021 to March 2021. A total of 422 reproductive age non-pregnant female students were included and socio-demographic and clinical characteristics data were collected using structured questionnaires. Ten ml freshly voided mid-stream urine specimen was collected, transported and processed according to standard operating procedure. Data were coded and entered for statistical analysis using SPSS version 22.0 and descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. P-value ≤0.05 with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were considered statistically significant.
Result: The overall prevalence of UTI was 24.6%. The prevalence of asymptomatic UTI bacteriuria and candidiuria were 57 (13.5%) and 47 (11.1%) respectively. The predominant isolated uropathogens were S. saprophyticus 24 (23.07%) followed by Candida tropicalis 23 (22.1%), Candida albican 10 (9.61%), Candida krusei 9(8.65%) and E. coli 8 (7.69%). Gram negative bacterial isolates showed higher level of resistance to Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 24 (92.3%). Gram positive bacterial uropathogens showed high level of resistance for penicillin 28 (96.6%) and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole 23 (79.3%). Gram positive bacterial isolates were sensitive to norfloxacin clindamycin and ciprofloxacin accounting 24 (82.7%), 20 (69.0%) and 19 (65.5%), respectively. Moreover, MDR was seen in 50 (87.7%) of all isolated bacterial uropathogens.
Frequency of sexual intercourse ( > 3 per week) (AOR =7.907, 95% CI: (2.918, 21.425), (P=0.000) and genital area washing habit (during defecation) (AOR = 5.914, 95%CI: (1.860, 18.809), (P=0.0003) and every morning (AOR = 6.128, 95%CI: (1.602, 23.449), (P=0.0008) were found to have statistically significant association with the occurrence of UTI among asymptomatic female college students.
Conclusion: A significant prevalence of uropathogens, and high resistance of bacterial isolates to commonly prescribed drugs were observed. Therefore, routine UTI screening, regular health education on the risk of asymptomatic infectious diseases and antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be practiced to avoid the progression of asymptomatic infection into symptomatic UTI.
“…Total number of 380 estimated blood samples was included as a sample for the study which was calculated using a single proportion formula 5 keeping 95% confidence level and 5% confidence interval. The blood samples were collected by a well-trained nurse and Pediatrician by using aseptic technique.…”
Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome that is caused when the bloodstream of an infant is invaded by bacteria in the first month after birth.
Objective: The objective of the study was to identify bacteria involved in the infection and to determine “extended-spectrum beta-lactamase” (ESBL) producing bacteria from blood samples of sepsis suspected neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Special Care Baby Unit.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July 2019 at Microbiology laboratory of Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital. A total of 380 venous blood specimens were included in the study. The blood culture was performed and organisms were identified with standard microbiological methods. The Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Screening of the organisms was done using cefotaxime and ceftazidime antibiotic disc and confirmation of ESBL was done by combined disk test. The data were considered statistically significant if the p-value was < 0.05.
Results: Out of a total of 380 blood specimens, the prevalence of neonatal sepsis was found to be 21.05% among which 57.5% were EOS type and 42.5% were LOS type. In EOS, E. coli (72.73%) was the predominant isolate while CoNS (100%) was the predominant isolate in LOS. Of the total 80 isolates, 65% isolates were found multidrug-resistant (MDR) whereas 58.75% of isolates were found to be ESBL producers.
Conclusions: This study concludes that routine bacterial surveillance and study of their resistance patterns is an essential component of the neonatal care unit.
Keywords: Extended-spectrum β-Lactamases; neonates; neonate intensive care unit; special care baby unit; sepsis.
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