<p>Association Between Adherence To The French Dietary Guidelines And Lower Resting Heart Rate, Longer Diastole Duration, And Lower Myocardial Oxygen Consumption. The NUTRIVASC Study</p>

Abstract

BackgroundTo investigate whether chronic adherence to the French Nutrition and Health Program (PNNS) guidelines was associated with better cardiovascular health.MethodsA study nested within the SU.VI.MAX2 cohort was conducted on participants without cardiovascular risk factors. Long-term adherence to the PNNS guidelines was estimated using validated dietary scores from 2007 and 2012. Individuals who did (PNNS+) and did not (PNNS−) continuously adhere to the PNNS guidelines were included. Applanation tonometry, impedance cardiography, laser doppler flowmetry, heart rate, heart rate variability, endothelial function was used for the assessment of cardiovascular health.ResultsA total of 49 subjects (mean age 65.4 ± 5.6 years, 75.5% women) had been included. Those in the PNNS+ group (n=26) were older, had a higher BMI and fat mass than those in the PNNS− group, both groups had similar metabolic parameters. After adjusting for sex, age, and BMI, PNNS+ subjects were found to have a lower heart rate (60.2 ± 8.0 vs 64.3 ± 8.4 beats/min, p=0.042), a lower heart rate × systolic blood pressure product (7166 ± 1323 vs 7788 ± 1680 beats× mmHg/min, p = 0.009), a longer diastole duration (66.7 ± 3.1% vs 64.6 ± 4.1% of the cardiac cycle duration, p=0.049), and a shorter tension–time index (2145 ± 489 vs 2307 ± 428 ms * mmHg, p=0.018) compared to the PNNS− group.ConclusionLong-term adherence to the PNNS guidelines had a favorable impact on heart rate, diastole duration, and myocardial oxygen consumption.Clinical Trial Registration numberNCT01579409.

Diet quality and cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies

“…Ceramide ratio (C24:0/C16:0) were not significantly associated with diet quality scores measured by Dietary Guidelines Adherence Index and Mediterranean Diet Score 134 . Long‐term adherence to the French Nutrition and Health Program guidelines was associated with a significantly lower heart rate (60.2 ± 8.0 vs. 64.3 ± 8.4 beats/min, p = 0.042), a lower heart rate × systolic blood pressure product (7166 ± 1323 vs. 7788 ± 1680 beats ×mmHg/min; p = 0.009), and a shorter tension–time index (2145 ± 489 vs. 2307 ± 428 ms mmHg; p = 0.018) compared with those that did not continuously adhere to the guidelines 23 . Gao et al 130 investigated the balance construct of diet quality and calculated a scoring metric based on the percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates and protein and fat derived from plant and animal‐based food sources.…”

“…123,124 Three studies did not find a significant relationship between diet quality scores and changes in waist circumference or risk of overweight/obesity. 110,122,127 Twelve studies evaluated the relationship between diet quality and biomarkers and clinical outcomes 23,44,117,123,125,[128][129][130][131][132][133][134] (Table S14). Higher diet quality scores were favourably associated with the following biomarkers: triglycerides (n = 2), 125,131 LDL cholesterol (n = 2), 123,131 HDL cholesterol (n = 1), 129 blood glucose (n = 1), 133 insulin levels (n = 2), 117,133 C-reactive protein (n = 2) 44,117 and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels (n = 1).…”

“…134 Long-term adherence to the French Nutrition and Health Program guidelines was associated with a significantly lower heart rate (60.2 ± 8.0 vs. 64.3 ± 8.4 beats/min, p = 0.042), a lower heart rate  systolic blood pressure product (7166 ± 1323 vs. 7788 ± 1680 beats ÂmmHg/min; p = 0.009), and a shorter tension-time index (2145 ± 489 vs. 2307 ± 428 ms mmHg; p = 0.018) compared with those that did not continuously adhere to the guidelines. 23 Gao et al 130 investigated the balance construct of diet quality and calculated a scoring metric based on the percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates and protein and fat derived from plant and animal-based food sources. This study found that dietary patterns with a higher energy contribution from protein and fat derived from animalbased sources (score 16-27 points) were linked with a higher risk of coronary artery calcium progression (hazard ratio: 1.456, 95% CI, 1.015-2.089; p = 0.041) while no significant association was found with a higher energy contribution from protein and fat derived from plantbased sources (score 14-27 points, p = 0.884).…”

“…A high proportion of studies ( n = 135, 85%) were published from 2013 and conducted in high income countries ( n = 149, 94%). The sample size of included studies ranged from 49 23 to 451 256 24 with a total number of 6 272 676 adults. More than half ( n = 110, 69%) the participants were middle‐aged (51–65 years) and older (>65 years) adults.…”

A Case Study on Gastric Cancer in South Korea versus France

“…The French Nutrition and Health Program (PNNS) also had similar guidelines. Longterm compliance to these guidelines not only resulted in good nutrition in French school meals, but also favorable prognosis for cancer prevention (Vieux et al, 2018;Fysekidis et al, 2019). South Korea has also enacted programs including the School Meals Act of 2006 and Nutrition Teacher System.…”