&lt;p&gt;Antiviral Agent Therapy Optimization in Special Populations of COVID-19 Patients&lt;/p&gt;

Li, Lu; Wang, Xiaojuan; Wang, Rongrong; Hu, Ying; Jiang, Saiping; Lu, Xin-Jiang

doi:10.2147/dddt.s259058

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…48 There was a roughly 2.1 fold rise and 6.3 fold rise in the Cmax and AUC, respectively, when favipiravir was given to patients with severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh classification C) compared to healthy participants, which warrants a cautious use of favipiravir in patients with liver dysfunction. 48,49 Hypersensitivity reactions, such as rashes, have been reported by 0.5% to <1% of the patients. 48 Previous studies reported that hyperuricemia was not present in the ADE database of WHO, which was used to evaluate ADEs related to favipiravir in the current study.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Favipiravir Use in COVID-19: Analysis of Suspected Adverse Drug Events Reported in the WHO Database</p>

Kaur¹,

Charan²,

Dutta³

et al. 2020

IDR

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Background COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged as an unprecedented challenge to discover effective drugs for its prevention and cure. Hyperinflammation-induced lung damage is one of the poor prognostic indicators causing a higher rate of morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. Favipiravir, an antiviral drug, is being used for COVID-19 treatment, and we currently have limited information regarding its efficacy and safety. Thus, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the adverse drug events (ADEs) reported in the WHO pharmacovigilance database. Methods This study analyzed all suspected ADEs related to favipiravir reported from 2015. The reports were analyzed based on age, gender, and seriousness of ADEs at the System Organ Classification (SOC) level and the individual Preferred Term (PT) level. Results This study is based on 194 ADEs reported from 93 patients. Most frequent ADEs suspected to be caused by the favipiravir included increased hepatic enzymes, nausea and vomiting, tachycardia, and diarrhea. Severe and fatal ADEs occurred more frequently in men and those over the age of 64 years. Blood and lymphatic disorders, cardiac disorders, hepatobiliary disorders, injury poisoning, and procedural complications were more common manifestations of severe ADEs. Conclusion This study revealed that favipiravir appears to be a relatively safe drug. An undiscovered anti-inflammatory activity of favipiravir may explain the improvement in critically ill patients and reduce inflammatory markers. Currently, the data is based on very few patients. A more detailed assessment of the uncommon ADEs needs to be analyzed when more information will be available.

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Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Favipiravir Use in COVID-19: Analysis of Suspected Adverse Drug Events Reported in the WHO Database</p>

Kaur¹,

Charan²,

Dutta³

et al. 2020

IDR

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“…Intensive care and mechanical ventilation (MV) is needed to deal with disease severity [ 6 ]. Lopinavir /Ritonavir, a HIV-1 protease inhibitor [ 7 ] has been used as a treatment option for COVID-19 as an antiviral, however, there is no clear benefit observed in the treatment of COVID-19 [ 8 ]. In contrast, remdesivir [ 9 ] and dexamethasone [ 10 ] are considered acceptable treatments with evidence for hospitalized and severe COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current trends and geographical differences in therapeutic profile and outcomes of COVID-19 among pregnant women - a systematic review and meta-analysis

Dubey

Thakur

Reddy

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Due to the lack of effective treatments for COVID-19, it becomes imperative to assess the geographical differences and trends in the current clinical care and outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnant women. Methods A PubMed search was performed to screen articles reporting therapeutics and outcomes of confirmed COVID-19 in pregnant women prior to August 27, 2020. We performed searches, quality assessments of eligible studies, extracted and reported data according to PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analyses and cumulative meta-analyses of proportions were performed for estimating each outcome and their pattern over time respectively. Results One thousand two hundred thirty nine pregnant women with COVID-19 from 66 studies were analyzed. In case series analysis reflecting average-risk patients, the proportion of oxygen support, antibiotics, antivirals, and plasma therapy administration except for hydroxychloroquine was substantially higher in Asian studies (55, 78, 80, 6, and 0%) compared to the US (7, 1, 12, 0, and 7%) or European (33, 12, 14, 1, and 26%) studies, respectively. The highest preterm birth and the average length of hospital stay (35%, 11.9 days) were estimated in Asian studies compared to the US studies (13%, 9.4 days) and European studies (29%, 7.3 days), respectively. Even in case reports reflecting severe cases, the use of antivirals and antibiotics was higher in Asian studies compared to the US, Latin American, and European studies. A significant decline in the use of most therapeutics along with adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnant women was observed. Conclusions Geographical differences in therapeutic practice of COVID-19 were observed with differential rates of maternal and clinical outcomes. Minimizing the use of some therapeutics particularly antibiotics, antivirals, oxygen therapy, immunosuppressants, and hydroxychloroquine by risk stratification and careful consideration may further improve maternal and clinical outcomes.

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“…The luciferase activity in the supernatants was measured at the various time points after transfection. IFN-α and remdesivir have been demonstrated to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral infection ( Li et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2020a ). Daclatasvir and sofosbuvir are direct antivirals targeting hepatitis C virus NS5A ( Gao et al, 2010 ) and RNA dependent RNA polymerase ( Kohli et al, 2014 ), respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-vectored noninfectious replicon of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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Vaccines and antiviral agents are in urgent need to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. To facilitate antiviral screening against SARS-CoV-2 without requirement for high biosafety level facility, we developed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-vectored replicon of SARS-CoV-2, nCoV-SH01 strain, in which secreted Gaussia luciferase (sGluc) was encoded in viral subgenomic mRNA as a reporter gene. The replicon was devoid of structural genes spike (S), membrane (M), and envelope (E). Upon transfection, the replicon RNA replicated in various cell lines, and was sensitive to interferon alpha (IFN-α), remdesivir, but was resistant to hepatitis C virus inhibitors daclatasvir and sofosbuvir. Replication of the replicon was also sensitive overexpression to zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP). We also constructed a four-plasmid in-vitro ligation system that is compatible with the BAC system, which makes it easy to introduce desired mutations into the assembly plasmids for in-vitro ligation. This replicon system would be helpful for performing antiviral screening and dissecting virus-host interactions.

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<p>Antiviral Agent Therapy Optimization in Special Populations of COVID-19 Patients</p>

Cited by 26 publications

References 64 publications

<p>Favipiravir Use in COVID-19: Analysis of Suspected Adverse Drug Events Reported in the WHO Database</p>

<p>Favipiravir Use in COVID-19: Analysis of Suspected Adverse Drug Events Reported in the WHO Database</p>

Current trends and geographical differences in therapeutic profile and outcomes of COVID-19 among pregnant women - a systematic review and meta-analysis

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-vectored noninfectious replicon of SARS-CoV-2

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