<p>Acceptance Of HIV Testing And Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care In Gunino Health Center, Southern Ethiopia 2019: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Abstract

Background: Acceptance of human immune virus testing is an entry point of intervention to end mother to child transmission of the virus among pregnant women. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study design with a sample size of 340 was conducted from May 20 to June 15, 2019. The data were collected by using systematic random sampling technique of interviewer administered questionnaire. Those candidate variables at bivariate analysis with a p-value <0.25 were moved to the multivariate logistic regression model to control for potential confounding variables, and P-value <0.05 at multivariate analysis was considered as cutoff point. Result: Among the total of 340 pregnant women who participated with a response rate of 96%, 234 (68.8%) accepted testing. The odds of acceptance of human immune virus testing was higher among respondents who had awareness about mother to child transmission (AOR=2.602, 95%; CI:1.408-4.809) than their counterparts. It was also higher among respondents who had perceived the benefit of testing (AOR=1.838, 95%; CI:1.089-3.104) than those who did not perceive the benefit of testing. Participants who were knowledgeable about the prevention of mother to child transmission were more likely to accept testing (AOR=1.715, 95%; CI:1.030-2.855) than their counterparts. Besides, the odds of acceptance of testing among pregnant women who attended two and above antenatal appointments were higher (AOR= 2.485, 95%; CI:1.462-4.224) than participants who attended only one appointment. Participants who had no formal education (AOR=0.393, 95%; CI:0.160-0.967) and had a primary level of education (AOR=0.357,95%; CI:0.152-0.842) were less likely to accept human immune virus testing than women who had a diploma and above level of educational status. Conclusion: Acceptance of human immune virus testing among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics was relatively low. Antenatal caregivers should place emphasis on reducing barriers to testing, like lack of awareness, knowledge, and educational background.

Understanding the uptake and determinants of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services in East Africa: Mixed methods systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Studies conducted among eligible pregnant/postpartum women, infants and service providers were included in the analysis. Almost all the studies (44/52) were facility-based [ 23 , 25 , 39 , 45 , 58 – 62 , 64 – 74 , 76 – 89 , 91 – 93 , 95 – 101 ]. Furthermore, the study design varied across studies: cross-sectional studies (n = 28); prospective cohort (n = 2); retrospective cohort (n = 6), retrospective chart review (n = 4), qualitative studies (n = 8) and mixed methods studies (n = 4).…”

“…Predisposing factors : Eight studies reported the presence of an association [ 25 , 57 , 59 , 63 , 64 , 66 , 95 , 103 ] and three studies [ 65 , 70 , 75 ] reported the absence of an association between educational level and maternal HIV testing. Of the eight studies that showed the presence of association, seven studies reported more educated women were found to be HIV tested than non-educated women [ 25 , 57 , 59 , 63 , 64 , 95 , 103 ]. Similarly, for women who have educated partners [ 57 , 103 ] and exposure to media [ 57 , 103 ] the odds of HIV testing were higher.…”

HIV self‐testing and repeat testing in pregnancy and postpartum in Northern Nigeria

“…The positive influence of parity on attitude towards HIVST has been previously reported [36] and could be related to maternal experience and risk perception. Similarly, the positive influence of maternal education is expected, as it improves health literacy and risk perception which could facilitate precautionary action [18,37]. Likewise, employment empowers mothers, enhances the ability to pay and encourages healthy behaviour [18,38].…”

Financial Incentives, Not Behavioral Nudges, Led to Optimized HIV Testing among Pregnant Women in a High-Burden Urban Population in Ecuador

“…There is now a growing literature on financial incentives in various forms, such as conditional fixed incentives, prizes (e.g., lotteries), prize-linked savings accounts, cash transfer programs, conditional economic incentives, or some combination of these. 7,11,13,[28][29][30][31] HIV-related outcomes improved by financial incentives include HIV testing, HIV retesting, voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC), and HIV prevention and treatment. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Our study contributes to this growing literature by examining the effect of financial incentives on HIV testing among pregnant women.…”

“…4,5 Barriers for HIV testing may include lack of access to health care services, stigma and discrimination, perception of low transmission risk, lack of transportation or financial resources to visit an HIV testing facility, fear of a positive result and its socioeconomic implications, confidentiality issues, clinic setting, lower educational status, fear of not having access to effective treatment, and the lack of trained personnel in clinical encounters, among others. [6][7][8][9] Despite these barriers, improving HIV testing rates remains a priority because, according to the CDC, 40% of new HIV diagnoses can be linked to individuals unaware of their HIV status. 10 Incentives and insights from behavioral economics have been used to motivate health-affirming behaviors.…”