<p>A Systematic Review of Instruments for the Assessment of Insomnia in Adults</p>

Abstract

Introduction: Self-reported sleep instruments remain the most practical methods for the assessment of insomnia in clinical practice. This systematic review aims to identify, describe and summarize the psychometric properties of questionnaires available for the assessment of insomnia in the adult population. In addition, the review also aimed to identify sleep instruments available in the Arabic language. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using the following electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, ProQuest Central, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. The quality assessment of the instruments was conducted using two established international criteria. Results: One hundred and seven articles were selected for inclusion, from which 31 instruments were identified and categorized based on the constructs they assess as: (1) screening for insomnia (n=14); (2) measuring the consequences of insomnia (n=8); (3) assessing the cognitive aspects of insomnia (n= 5); and (4) assessing sleep hygiene (n= 4). The review of the psychometric properties showed that the Insomnia Severity Index and the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire were the most extensively evaluated instrument. Criterion validity and reliability measures were the most commonly reported properties. Only four of the identified instruments were available in Arabic. Discussion: Overall, the findings of this study indicate ample availability of sleep instruments. However, psychometric testing for several of the available sleep instruments remains incomplete, particularly responsiveness and interpretability. Our findings suggest that future studies should focus on reporting more psychometric measures to ensure the trustworthiness of these instruments.

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“…While preparing the items pool, DSM-5 and the systematic reviews of sleep quality in adults [42][43][44][45] . Moreover, some books were examined deeply such as 'Oxford textbook of sleep disorders' 46 , 'mindfulness and sleep: How to improve your sleep quality through practicing mindfulness' 47 , and 'sleep and health risk' 48 .…”

Examining the Impact of Different Components of Sleep Quality on Anxiety Among Family Carers of People with Dementia

“…Various aspects of the quality and patterns of sleep such as subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication and daytime dysfunction are considered to contribute to overall sleep quality, and these different aspects can be assessed using standardised measures such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). 27 Despite this, previous studies on sleep quality have often used unstandardised measures, such as one single question 28 or short instruments with one to four questions 29 to assess the complex concept of sleep quality.…”