<p>A Scoping Review and Template Analysis of Manual-Based Complex Interventions in Dementia Care</p>

Abstract

Video abstractPoint your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/NyZeqmvFZBI Purpose: In dementia care, the complexity of psychosocial needs and contextual variables often demands nonpharmacological interventions of a complex nature. The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate (1) how manuals published in refereed journals explaining procedures of complex interventions in dementia care are structured and their content disseminated and (2) to provide recommendations for future manuals.Methods: A systematic search was conducted using four databases (Embase, PsychInfo, CINAHL and Scopus) following PRISMA-ScR and PICo method. The results were analysed using template analysis aiming to describe the possibility of tailoring the intervention, degree of flexibility of the manual and dissemination elements used in the manual.Results: A total of 882 records were identified, and 86 full-text articles were assessed. Nine articles containing manuals met the inclusion criteria. All of the included manuals allowed the user to tailor actions in the intervention to specific situations. Two-thirds of the manuals showed a medium degree of flexibility. The types of dissemination elements varied. All used written text, and some used various graphical organisers such as headlines and lists. None used illustrations or audio/video material. Conclusion: Currently, only few manuals for complex interventions in the field of dementia are published in refereed journals, all disseminated as written text. For future manuals, we suggest considering the inclusion of illustrations and/or audio/video material to describe actions, to allow for tailoring of the intervention, and to maintain a medium or low degree of flexibility by structuring the content hierarchically in phases while providing the user with detailed description of what to do, and how to decide what to.

Cognitive stimulation for people with dementia in nursing homes: a protocol for a feasibility study examining a new 24/7 approach (CogStim24)

“…To date, there is no concept of cognitive stimulation as a 24/7 approach to everyday contact between PwD and caregivers. This is supported by a recent scoping review on manual-based complex interventions in outpatient and inpatient care of PwD, 15 where no study with a 24-hour cognitive stimulation concept was identified. The 24/7 cognitive stimulation programme (CogStim24) project is the first step to filling this important gap in research and clinical practice.…”

Reciprocity and caregiver competencies.

“…We suggest that the learning outcomes for caregiver training would cover knowledge about personhood and reciprocity (category 3, Table 1), skills defined as caregiver interactions (category 4), and with competencies dependent on resources, culture, and interdisciplinary collaboration (category 1 and 2). Finally, the overall theoretical framework would need to be explicated in detail and included in manuals or guidelines (category 5), which should be tailored to suit the caregivers and be flexible enough to allow for adaptations of the content to fit the heterogenous arena of person-attuned interactions as well as make use of appropriate dissemination elements (Anderson-Ingstrup, 2020;Krøier & Ridder, 2020). These learning outcomes cover all five categories included in table 1 and are summarized in Figure 2.…”

Feasibility of emotion-regulating improvisational music therapy for young adult students with depressive symptoms: A process evaluation

“…Ethical vulnerabilities with respect to peer support should be well considered. Publishing the manual and adding illustrations or audio/video material may provide suggestions on what to do while maintaining flexibility to address the needs of clients (Anderson-Ingstrup & Ridder, 2020). Monitoring of treatment integrity and musical components to synchronise needs improvement, which can be assisted by video or audio recording.…”