&lt;p&gt;A brief review of cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine&lt;/p&gt;

Li, Xuan; Yang, Ziying; Sun, Jiacheng; Ma, Teng; Hua, Fei; Shen, Zhenya

doi:10.2147/ijn.s205574

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 236 publications

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“…The two cutting-edge fields of iPSCs and nanoparticles empower the cross-field development of novel techniques. The possible limitation may come from the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles, which results from the accumulation of nanoparticles in endosomes and/or vacuoles in cells [ 133 , 134 ]. However, iron oxide nanoparticles will be degraded through normal iron metabolism over time, although the mechanism is still not well understood [ 19 , 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgene Delivery to Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Nanoparticles

2021

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Human induced pluripotent stem cells (HiPSCs) and HiPSCs-derived cells have the potential to revolutionize regenerative and precision medicine. Genetically reprograming somatic cells to generate HiPSCs and genetic modification of HiPSCs are considered the key procedures for the study and application of HiPSCs. However, there are significant technical challenges for transgene delivery into somatic cells and HiPSCs since these cells are known to be difficult to transfect. The existing methods, such as viral transduction and chemical transfection, may introduce significant alternations to hiPSC culture which affect the potency, purity, consistency, safety, and functional capacity of HiPSCs. Therefore, generation and genetic modification of HiPSCs through non-viral approaches are necessary and desirable. Nanotechnology has revolutionized fields from astrophysics to biology over the past two decades. Increasingly, nanoparticles have been used in biomedicine as powerful tools for transgene and drug delivery, imaging, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The most successful example is the recent development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines at warp speed to combat the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which brought nanoparticles to the center stage of biomedicine and demonstrated the efficient nanoparticle-mediated transgene delivery into human body. Nanoparticles have the potential to facilitate the transgene delivery into the HiPSCs and offer a simple and robust approach. Nanoparticle-mediated transgene delivery has significant advantages over other methods, such as high efficiency, low cytotoxicity, biodegradability, low cost, directional and distal controllability, efficient in vivo applications, and lack of immune responses. Our recent study using magnetic nanoparticles for transfection of HiPSCs provided an example of the successful applications, supporting the potential roles of nanoparticles in hiPSC biology. This review discusses the principle, applications, and significance of nanoparticles in the transgene delivery to HiPSCs and their successful application in the development of COVID-19 vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgene Delivery to Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Nanoparticles

2021

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“…Indeed, MSCs have been used for the in vitro and in vivo delivery of, among others, diagnostic and therapeutic agents, small interfering RNA and nanoparticles [57]. In particular, several authors have shown that MSCs easily internalize different types of nanoparticles [27] and can reach the tumor, showing limited or no toxicity effect of NPs to MSCs [58,59]. Additionally, other authors have investigated whether MSCs can transport nanoparticles for therapeutic purposes [22,60,61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stromal cells mediated delivery of photoactive nanoparticles inhibits osteosarcoma growth in vitro and in a murine in vivo ectopic model

Lenna

Bellotti

Duchi

et al. 2020

J Exp Clin Cancer Res

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Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm that still suffers from poor prognosis in the case of distal metastases or occurrence of multi-drug resistance. It is therefore crucial to find novel therapeutic options able to go beyond these limitations and improve patients' survival. The objective of this study is to exploit the intrinsic properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to migrate and infiltrate the tumor stroma to specifically deliver therapeutic agents directly to cancer cells. In particular, we aimed to test the efficacy of the photoactivation of MSCs loaded with nanoparticles in vitro and in a murine in vivo ectopic osteosarcoma model. Methods: AlPcS 4 @FNPs were produced by adding tetra-sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcS 4) to an aqueous solution of positively charged poly-methyl methacrylate core-shell fluorescent nanoparticles (FNPs). The photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect is achieved by activation of the photosensitizer AlPcS 4 in the near-infrared light with an LED source. Human MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of five donors to account for inter-patients variability and used in this study after being evaluated for their clonogenicity, multipotency and immunophenotypic profile. MSC lines were then tested for the ability to internalize and retain the nanoparticles, along with their migratory properties in vitro. Photoactivation effect was evaluated both in a monolayer (2D) co-culture of AlPcS 4 @FNPs loaded MSCs with human OS cells (SaOS-2) and in tridimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids (AlPcS 4 @FNPs loaded MSCs with human OS cells, MG-63). Cell death was assessed by AnnexinV/PI and Live&Dead CalceinAM/EthD staining in 2D, while in the 3D co-culture, the cell killing effect was measured through ATP content, CalceinAM/EthD staining and TEM imaging. We also evaluated the effectiveness of AlPcS 4 @FNPs loaded MSCs as delivery systems and the ability of the photodynamic treatment to kill cancer cells in a subcutaneous mouse model of OS by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and histology. Results: MSCs internalized AlPcS 4 @FNPs without losing or altering their motility and viability in vitro. Photoactivation of AlPcS 4 @FNPs loaded MSCs induced high level of OS cells death in the 2D co-culture. Similarly, in the 3D co-culture (MSCs:OS ratios 1:1 or 1:3), a substantial decrease of both MSCs and OS cells viability was observed. Notably, when increasing the MSCs:OS ratio to 1:7, photoactivation still caused more than 40% cells death. When tested in an in vivo ectopic OS model, AlPcS4@FNPs loaded MSCs were able to decrease OS growth by 68% after two cycles of photoactivation.

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“…These cells are then internalized by endocytosis [ 115 ]. Quantum dots can also be used for monitoring the living cells for a long time [ 116 , 117 ].…”

Section: Applications Of Nanotechnology In Healthcare Sectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Applications of Nanotechnology in Healthcare Systems: Grand Challenges and Perspectives

et al. 2021

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Healthcare, as a basic human right, has often become the focus of the development of innovative technologies. Technological progress has significantly contributed to the provision of high-quality, on-time, acceptable, and affordable healthcare. Advancements in nanoscience have led to the emergence of a new generation of nanostructures. Each of them has a unique set of properties that account for their astonishing applications. Since its inception, nanotechnology has continuously affected healthcare and has exerted a tremendous influence on its transformation, contributing to better outcomes. In the last two decades, the world has seen nanotechnology taking steps towards its omnipresence and the process has been accelerated by extensive research in various healthcare sectors. The inclusion of nanotechnology and its allied nanocarriers/nanosystems in medicine is known as nanomedicine, a field that has brought about numerous benefits in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Various nanosystems have been found to be better candidates for theranostic purposes, in contrast to conventional ones. This review paper will shed light on medically significant nanosystems, as well as their applications and limitations in areas such as gene therapy, targeted drug delivery, and in the treatment of cancer and various genetic diseases. Although nanotechnology holds immense potential, it is yet to be exploited. More efforts need to be directed to overcome these limitations and make full use of its potential in order to revolutionize the healthcare sector in near future.

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<p>A brief review of cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine</p>

Cited by 34 publications

References 236 publications

Transgene Delivery to Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Nanoparticles

Transgene Delivery to Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Nanoparticles

Mesenchymal stromal cells mediated delivery of photoactive nanoparticles inhibits osteosarcoma growth in vitro and in a murine in vivo ectopic model

Emerging Applications of Nanotechnology in Healthcare Systems: Grand Challenges and Perspectives

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