<p>20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 Influences Cancer Stem Cell Properties and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer via the SNAIL Signaling Axis</p>

Abstract

BackgroundCancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proposed as central drivers of cancer relapse in many cancers. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3R), a major active component of ginseng saponin, on CSC-like cells and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsThe effects of ginsenoside Rg3R on the colony-forming, migration, invasion, and wound-healing abilities of CRC cells were determined in HT29 and SW620 cell lines in vitro. Further, ginsenoside Rg3R was given intraperitoneally at 5mg/kg of mouse body weight to check its effect on the metastasis of CRC cells in vivo.ResultsGinsenoside Rg3R significantly inhibited CSC properties, but did not affect cell proliferation. Moreover, ginsenoside Rg3R treatment significantly inhibited the motility of CRC cells based on migration, invasion, and wound-healing assays. The inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rg3R on CRC are potentially mediated by significant down-regulation of the expression of stemness genes and EMT markers in CRC cells in a SNAIL-dependent manner. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg3R treatment decreased both the number and size of tumor nodules in the liver, lung, and kidney tissues in a metastasis mouse model.ConclusionThese findings highlighted the potential use of ginsenoside Rg3R in clinical applications for colorectal cancer treatment.

Retracted: The F‐box protein FBXO11 restrains hepatocellular carcinoma stemness via promotion of ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of Snail

“…At the same time, this experiment showed that after overexpression of FBXO11 in HCC cells, the stemness and migration ability significantly decreased, which may be related to the increase of the expression level of Snail protein. The increased Snail protein can change the phenotype of cancer cells and reduce the adhesion between cells by inhibiting the transcription and expression of E-cadherin, so that the tumor cells can obtain a greater stemness and migration ability, and induce the basement membrane barrier destruction [3,19,20], and EMT is involved in the regulation of cell migration, invasion and survival. It has been shown that Snail can be widely used in the progression of tumor, which is closely related to the stemness, immune escape, metabolism, EMT behavior and migration of tumor cells [3,20].…”

The Effect of Shenyi Capsule on Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Combined with Chemotherapy from the Yin-Yang Perspective

“…It is not difficult to find that, different from the direct "negative inhibition" of chemotherapy, Shenyi capsule always exerts a "positive promotion" effect of synergistic chemotherapy. Under the subdivision, this "positive promotion" includes not only "positivenegative" bidirectional regulation of Shenyi capsule on chemotherapy efficacy [77][78][79], toxic side effects, and chemoresistance [80,81] but also "positive immune" regulation of the combined therapy [76]. Further subdivided, we can find from the mechanism level that Shenyi capsule, which is different from the "direct antitumor" cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy drugs, mainly achieves indirect antitumor effect by inhibiting the "vascular" network, on which NSCLC depends for survival.…”

<p>Traditional Chinese Medicine Jiuwei Zhenxin Granules in Treating Depression: An Overview</p>

“…Ginsenoside, an important chemical component of PG, has therapeutic effects on colorectal cancer via the SNAIL signaling axis. 25 It could also induce apoptosis and downregulate PD-L1 expression by targeting the NF-κB pathway in lung adenocarcinoma. 26 In addition, ginsenoside has antidepressant effects, 27 prevents cognitive impairment by improving mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), 28 ameliorates memory impairments, 29 and has anti-anxiety and anti-stress properties.…”