&lt;p class="HeadingRunIn"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;First record of &lt;em&gt;Amblyomma rotundatum&lt;/em&gt; tick (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing a bird collected in Canada&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Scott, John D.; Durden, Lance A.

doi:10.11158/saa.20.2.1

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the only previous study to systematically examine northbound spring migrants for ticks immediately upon entry into the United States, Mukherjee et al (7) found that 3% of songbirds hosted a tick, some of which were infected with spotted fever group Rickettsia species. Further, Central and South American Amblyomma spe-cies have been detected on northward-migrating birds as far north as Chicago, IL, and Canada (5,6,17,18).…”

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confidence: 99%

Avian Migrants Facilitate Invasions of Neotropical Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens into the United States

Cohen

Auckland

Marra

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bMigratory birds have the potential to transport exotic vectors and pathogens of human and animal health importance across vast distances. We systematically examined birds that recently migrated to the United States from the Neotropics for ticks. We screened both ticks and birds for tick-borne pathogens, including Rickettsia species and Borrelia burgdorferi. Over two spring seasons (2013 and 2014), 3.56% of birds (n ‫؍‬ 3,844) representing 42.35% of the species examined (n ‫؍‬ 85) were infested by ticks. Ground-foraging birds with reduced fuel stores were most commonly infested. Eight tick species were identified, including seven in the genus Amblyomma, of which only Amblyomma maculatum/Amblyomma triste is known to be established in the United States. Most ticks on birds (67%) were neotropical species with ranges in Central and South America. Additionally, a single Ixodes genus tick was detected. A total of 29% of the ticks (n ‫؍‬ 137) and no avian blood samples (n ‫؍‬ 100) were positive for infection with Rickettsia species, including Rickettsia parkeri, an emerging cause of spotted fever in humans in the southern United States, a species in the group of Rickettsia monacensis, and uncharacterized species and endosymbionts of unknown pathogenicity. No avian tick or blood samples tested positive for B. burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease. An extrapolation of our findings suggests that anywhere from 4 to 39 million exotic neotropical ticks are transported to the United States annually on migratory songbirds, with uncertain consequences for human and animal health if the current barriers to their establishment and spread are overcome.T he large-scale seasonal movements of migrants provide opportunities for bird-associated parasites to rapidly disperse over large spatial scales, with implications for human and animal health (1, 2). Birds are increasingly recognized for their roles as reservoirs and hosts to vectors for a suite of emerging zoonotic diseases, including West Nile virus, Lyme disease, influenza A virus, and H5N1 avian influenza virus (3, 4), and they have been implicated in the range expansion and introduction of new pathogens. Additionally, migratory birds have the potential to disperse ectoparasites and their associated pathogens over long distances (5-7).Migratory birds that overwinter in Central and South America are frequently infested with Amblyomma tick species (family Ixodidae), which are common carriers of Rickettsia species parasites (8-11). There are 45 Amblyomma species endemic to the Neotropics (12), where parasitism rates on birds have been found to vary from 6.5% in Panama (10) to 40% in the Brazilian Amazon (9). Rickettsia species of bacteria are transmitted to vertebrates by arthropod vectors, including Amblyomma ticks. The pathogenicity of many tick-borne Rickettsia species is unknown, but there are Ͼ25 recognized species in the zoonotic spotted fever group, including those that cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Mediterranean spotted fever, North Asian tick typhus, and Q...

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confidence: 99%

Avian Migrants Facilitate Invasions of Neotropical Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens into the United States

Cohen

Auckland

Marra

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…In particular, migratory birds can transport ticks thousands of kilometers during transhemispheric and intercontinental migration (Hoogstraal & Kaiser 1961, Olsén et al 1995, Scott & Durden 2015a, Scott & Durden 2015b. Epidemiologically, some of these ticks are infected with tick-borne pathogens.…”

Section: Dna Barcoding Ticksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If it encounters a recently hatched tick egg mass, it can become heavily infested with hundreds of larvae. Because some American Kestrels are migratory, these small falcons have the potential to transport tick long distances comparable to migratory songbirds (Scott et al 2001, Morshed et al 2005, Ogden et al 2008, Scott et al 2010, Scott et al 2012, Scott 2015, Scott & Durden 2015a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of a blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae), parasitizing a raptor in Canada

Scott¹,

Foley

Young

et al. 2017

saa

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We document the first report of a blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, parasitizing an American Kestrel, Falco sparverius Linnaeus (Falconiformes: Falconidae), in Canada. A fully engorged I. scapularis nymph was collected from the base of the tongue of an American Kestrel nestling recovered at Mirabel, Québec. This nestling had recently fledged the nest, and was exposed to I. scapularis immatures that were host-seeking in the surrounding low-level vegetation. DNA barcoding was used to confirm the identification of the tick. Primers of the flagellin (fla) gene were employed to determine whether the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner, was present in the I. scapularis nymph; the tick was negative. We provide the first report of I. scapularis parasitizing a raptor in Canada and, likewise, the first account of this tick species attached to the oral cavity of a bird. Moreover, this bird parasitism is the first documentation of a tick on a falconid bird in Canada.

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“…Migratory Neotropical songbirds have an inherent capacity of flying long distances in a short period of time, and reaching Canada (Scott et al 2012, Scott & Durden 2015a, Scott & Durden 2015b, Scott & Durden 2015c. This capability allows them to transmit ixodid ticks long distances while the attached ticks are taking a blood meal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These Amblyomma spp. include: A. americanum (Linnaeus) (Scott et al 2001(Scott et al , 2010, A. humerale Koch (Morshed et al 2005), A. inornatum (Banks) (Ogden et al 2008a), A. longirostre (Koch) (Scott et al 2001(Scott et al , 2010(Scott et al , 2012, A. maculatum Koch (Scott et al 2001(Scott et al , 2010(Scott et al , 2012Ogden et al 2008a), A. rotundatum Koch (Scott & Durden 2015a), and A. sabanerae Stoll (Scott et al 2001(Scott et al , 2010(Scott et al , 2012Scott & Durden 2015b). Within the Great Lakes region, Hamer et al (2012) also reported A. nodosum Neumann, a neotropical tick from Brazil, collected from a migratory songbird at the southern end of Lake Michigan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<strong><em>Amblyomma dissimile</em> Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizes bird captured in Canada</strong>

Scott¹,

Durden

2015

Systematic and Applied Acarology

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We document Amblyomma dissimile Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing a bird in Canada. A partially engorged A. dissimile nymph was collected from a Veery, Catharus fuscescens (Stephens) (Passeriformes: Turdidae), in Toronto, Ontario during spring migration. This constitutes the first authentic host record of A. dissimile on a bird in North America and, likewise, on a Veery, plus a new distributional record in Canada. Veeries could theoretically transport A. dissimile from as far south as southeastern Brazil, a distance of over 7,500 km. Experimentally, A. dissimile can transmit Ehrlichia ruminantium (Ricksettiales), which causes heartwater, a severe disease of cattle and other ungulates. Since a fully engorged A. dissimile nymph could likely molt during the summer in northern latitudes, this tick species could potentially parasitize local reptiles, people or ungulates, and cause autochtonous disease. Because A. dissimile is known to harbor rickettsiae in South America and is a laboratory vector of E. ruminantium, the medical and veterinary profession must be vigilant that A. dissimile may pose a health risk.

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<p class="HeadingRunIn"><strong>First record of <em>Amblyomma rotundatum</em> tick (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing a bird collected in Canada</strong></p>

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Avian Migrants Facilitate Invasions of Neotropical Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens into the United States

Avian Migrants Facilitate Invasions of Neotropical Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens into the United States

First report of a blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae), parasitizing a raptor in Canada

<strong><em>Amblyomma dissimile</em> Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizes bird captured in Canada</strong>

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