<i>Spirogyra neglecta</i> Aqueous Extract Attenuates LPS-Induced Renal Inflammation

Abstract

Spirogyra neglecta (SN), commonly named "Tao" in Thai, is a genus of filamentous green macroalgae. SN contains polyphenols such as isoquercetin, catechin, hydroquinone and kaempferol. These constituents exhibit beneficial effects including anti-oxidant, anti-gastric ulcer, anti-hyperglycaemia and anti-hyperlipidaemia in both in vitro and in vivo models. Whether SN extract (SNE) has an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo remains unclear. This study examined the effect of SNE on renal function and renal organic transport in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal inflammation in rats. Rats were randomised and divided into normal saline (NS), NS supplemented with 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW) of SNE (NS SNE), intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg BW of LPS and LPS treated with 1000 mg/kg BW of SNE (LPS SNE). Biochemical parameters in serum and urine, lipid peroxidation concentration, kidney function and renal organic anion and cation transports were determined. LPS-injected rats developed renal injury and inflammation by increasing urine microalbumin, total malondialdehyde (MDA) and inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β protein expression, respectively. In addition, uptake of renal organic anion, [ 3 H]-oestrone sulphate (ES), was reduced in LPS-injected rats together with increased expression of organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3). However, the renal injury and inflammation, as well as impaired Oat3 function and protein expression, were restored in LPS SNE rats. Accordingly, SNE could be developed as nutraceutical product to prevent inflammation-induced nephrotoxicity.

Phytochemical Compositions, Nutritional Contents, Cytotoxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Different Extracts from Spirogyra neglecta (Hassall) Kützing

“…According to the extracts from S. neglecta inhibited NO production, indicating the anti-inflammatory activity of S. neglecta. The finding in this study is in line with the study by Ontawong et al [32], who revealed that S neglecta aqueous extract attenuates LPS-Induced renal Inflammation [4], also found that oral administration of S. neglecta alleviated adverse effects of diabetes on inflammatory factors in diabetic rats. Furthermore, Yosboonruang et al [1], reported that S. neglecta possesses anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the release of TNF-α from macrophages.…”

Identification of Taohong Siwu Decoction in Treating Chronic Glomerulonephritis Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

“…25 Kaempferol can repair mesangial cells and improve renal injury and fibrosis. 26,27 Studies [28][29][30] have also shown that quercetin can resist inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting TNF, IL6, and MAPK14, thereby reducing kidney damage.…”

hnRNPK knockdown alleviates NLRP3 inflammasome priming by repressing FLIP expression in Raw264.7 macrophages

“…Raw264.7 macrophages are commonly used to explore kidney disease related to inflammation in vitro [27,28]. As a main component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, LPS widely used to cause inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo, including kidney disease [29,30]. To validate our hypothesis that hnRNPK binding FLIP in NLRP3 inflammasome activation, we first prepared a peripheral inflammation model with LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 macrophages to investigate whether hnRNPK participates in activation of inflammatory macrophages by regulating cellular inflammation reaction.…”