&lt;i&gt;Propionibacterium acnes &lt;/i&gt;and Acne

Holland, K. T.; Aldana, Odette L.; Bojar, R.A.; Cunliffe, W.J.; Eady, E. Anne; Holland, D.B.; Ingham, Eileen; McGeown, Claire; Till, Anne-Marie; Walters, C.E.

doi:10.1159/000017870

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Bacteria could cause or influence inflammatory joint disease in a number of ways including (i) persistent infection (35); (ii) induction of autoimmune pathology, perhaps through molecular mimicry (2,35); (iii) production of bacterial superantigens (46,54); and (iv) induction of immune dysfunction through other mechanisms (25). Which of these mechanisms is responsible for ReA or LyA remains obscure, and several may be involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Analysis of Bacterial rRNA for Detection and Characterization of Bacterial Species in Arthritis Synovial Tissue

Kempsell¹,

Cox

Hurle³

et al. 2000

Infect Immun

118

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Onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is widely believed to be preceded by exposure to some environmental trigger such as bacterial infectious agents. The influence of bacteria on RA disease onset or pathology has to date been controversial, due to inconsistencies between groups in the report of bacterial species isolated from RA disease tissue. Using a modified technique of reverse transcriptase-PCR amplification, we have detected bacterial rRNA in the synovial tissue of late-stage RA and non-RA arthritis controls. This may be suggestive of the presence of live bacteria. Sequencing of cloned complementary rDNA (crDNA) products revealed a number of bacterial sequences in joint tissue from each patient, and from these analyses a comprehensive profile of the organisms present was compiled. This revealed a number of different organisms in each patient, some of which are common to both RA and non-RA controls and are probably opportunistic colonizers of previously diseased tissue and others which are unique species. These latter organisms may be candidates for a specific role in disease pathology and require further investigation to exclude them as causative agents in the complex bacterial millieu. In addition, many of the detected bacterial species have not been identified previously from synovial tissue or fluid from arthritis patients. These may not be easily cultivable, since they were not revealed in previous studies using conventional in vitro bacterial culture methods. In situ hybridization analyses have revealed the joint-associated bacterial rRNA to be both intra- and extracellular. The role of viable bacteria or their nucleic acids as triggers in disease onset or pathology in either RA or non-RA arthritis controls is unclear and requires further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Analysis of Bacterial rRNA for Detection and Characterization of Bacterial Species in Arthritis Synovial Tissue

Kempsell¹,

Cox

Hurle³

et al. 2000

Infect Immun

118

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“…P. acnes is ubiquitous on human skin, preferably within sebaceous follicles, where it is generally a harmless commensal. Nevertheless, P. acnes is an opportunistic pathogen (180,197). It has been isolated from sites of infection and inflammation ranging from acne to diverse other conditions such as corneal ulcers, endocarditis, synovitis, pulmonary angitis, hyperostosis, endophthalmitis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome (99,193,203).…”

Section: General Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics ofActinobacteria: Tracing the Evolutionary History of an Ancient Phylum

Ventura

Canchaya

Tauch

et al. 2007

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

935

638

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SUMMARY Actinobacteria constitute one of the largest phyla among Bacteria and represent gram-positive bacteria with a high G+C content in their DNA. This bacterial group includes microorganisms exhibiting a wide spectrum of morphologies, from coccoid to fragmenting hyphal forms, as well as possessing highly variable physiological and metabolic properties. Furthermore, Actinobacteria members have adopted different lifestyles, and can be pathogens (e.g., Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Tropheryma, and Propionibacterium), soil inhabitants (Streptomyces), plant commensals (Leifsonia), or gastrointestinal commensals (Bifidobacterium). The divergence of Actinobacteria from other bacteria is ancient, making it impossible to identify the phylogenetically closest bacterial group to Actinobacteria. Genome sequence analysis has revolutionized every aspect of bacterial biology by enhancing the understanding of the genetics, physiology, and evolutionary development of bacteria. Various actinobacterial genomes have been sequenced, revealing a wide genomic heterogeneity probably as a reflection of their biodiversity. This review provides an account of the recent explosion of actinobacterial genomics data and an attempt to place this in a biological and evolutionary context.

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“…Holland et al [88] proposed an innovative and speculative pathogenic sequence that also enhanced the role of linoleic acid deficiency. In this sequence, the 4 classical factors were replaced by ‘initiation, damage, response, regression'.…”

Section: Seborrhea and Acne: Inseparable Players Of The Pathogenic Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If colonization occurs on the wall where the number of keratinized layers is low, proinflammatory cytokines might be released from the keratinocytes, diffuse in the dermis and initiate inflammation. Holland et al [88] hypothesized the production of porphyrin by P. acnes in the presence of increasing oxygen tensions because of changes in the follicle wall. In this assumption, molecular oxygen would interact with porphyrin and produce free radicals that would damage keratinocytes.…”

Section: Seborrhea and Acne: Inseparable Players Of The Pathogenic Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acne Pathogenesis: History of Concepts

Tilles¹

2014

Dermatology

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From the first reliable descriptions of acne in the early 19th century, dermatologists recognized it as a disease of the pilosebaceous follicle. Until the middle of the 20th century, they hypothesized that seborrhoea, follicular keratosis and microorganisms could be individually responsible for the acne lesions. Inflammation was only regarded as the final and inescapable step of the acne process. Although the importance of these factors has been reevaluated, recent works still regarded them as mandatory. In the 1970s, the onset of isotretinoin dramatically improved acne management. It also provided great opportunities for a better understanding of the pathogenic factors of acne. This study analyzes their genesis and development from the seminal contributions until recent advances.

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<i>Propionibacterium acnes </i>and Acne

Cited by 36 publications

References 11 publications

Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Analysis of Bacterial rRNA for Detection and Characterization of Bacterial Species in Arthritis Synovial Tissue

Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Analysis of Bacterial rRNA for Detection and Characterization of Bacterial Species in Arthritis Synovial Tissue

Genomics ofActinobacteria: Tracing the Evolutionary History of an Ancient Phylum

Acne Pathogenesis: History of Concepts

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