<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> L-92 Cells Activate Expression of Immunomodulatory Genes in THP-1 Cells

Abstract

To understand the immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92 cells suggested from our previous study of in vivo anti-allergy and anti-virus effects, host immune responses in macrophage-like THP-1 cells after 4 h (the early phase) and 24 h (the late phase) of cocultivation with L-92 cells were investigated by transcriptome analysis. In the early phase of L-92 treatment, various transcription regulator genes, such as, NFkB1, NFkB2, JUN, HIVEP2 and RELB, and genes encoding chemokines and cytokines, such as CCL4, CXCL11, CCL3 and TNF, were upregulated. Two transmembrane receptor genes, TLR7 and ICAM1, were also upregulated in the early phase of treatment. In contrast, many transmembrane receptor genes, such as IL7R, CD80, CRLF2, CD86, CD5, HLA-DQA1, IL2RA, IL15RA and CSF2RA, and some cytokine genes, including IL6, IL23A and CCL22, were significantly upregulated in the late phase after L-92 exposure. Some genes encoding cytokines, such as IL1A, IL1B and IL8, and the enzyme IDO1 were upregulated at both the early and the late phases of treatment. These results suggest that probiotic L-92 might promote Th1 and regulatory T-cell responses by activation of the MAPK signaling pathway, followed by the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway in THP-1 cells.

Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activities of the Heat-Killed Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus casei IMAU60214 on Macrophages In Vitro

“…Other studies have reported rapid upregulation of immune-related genes such as IL-7R, CD80, CD86, NF-kappa B, and CCL4 in THP-1 cells upon stimulation by L. acidophilus L-92 [53]. Similarly, recent studies have provided evidence that certain Lactobacillus species such as L. crispatus can increase expression of costimulatory molecules, including CD40, CD80, and CD86, suggesting differentiation of monocytes into precursors of Langerhans-like cells [54].…”

Xiong Fu Powder Regulates the Intestinal Microenvironment to Protect Bones Against Destruction in Collagen-Induced Arthritis Rat Models

“…In addition, according to the literature, we found that among the 10 strains with the highest abundance, five strains, including L. acidophilus (Yanagihara et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2015;Li et al, 2019;Pan et al, 2019), L. murinus (Wilck et al, 2017;Bernard-Raichon et al, 2021), L. johnsonii (Lau et al, 2011;Zheng et al, 2021), L. reuteri (Mu et al, 2017), and B. seudolongum (Bromberg et al, 2020), showed the ability to regulate Tregs and Th17 cells. This suggested that the therapeutic effect of XFP on SD-CIA rats might be related to the regulation of the intestinal microenvironment in which bacteria participate.…”

“…Interestingly, our results also suggested significant enrichment of Lactobacillus and L. acidophilus in response to XFP treatment. Many studies have shown that species from Lactobacillus, such as L. Acidophilus, L. Murinus, L. johnsonii, and L. reuteri, which were enriched, can modulate host immune responses, especially by regulating Tregs and Th17 cells (Yanagihara et al, 2014;Mu et al, 2017;Bernard-Raichon et al, 2021;Zheng et al, 2021), and L. johnsonii was verified in a double-blind, randomized trial in healthy adults (Marcial et al, 2017). In addition, another bacterium with high abundance, B. pseudolongum, has also been shown to regulate Tregrelated IL-10 (Bromberg et al, 2020).…”

“…In the intestinal microenvironment, intestinal mucosal immunity and the gut microbiota exhibit a bidirectional regulatory effect. It is well understood that strains from Lactobacillus, such as L. acidophilus (Yanagihara et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2015;Li et al, 2019;Pan et al, 2019), L. murinus (Wilck et al, 2017;Bernard-Raichon et al, 2021), L. johnsonii (Lau et al, 2011;Zheng et al, 2021), and L. reuteri (Mu et al, 2017), display strong immune regulation ability, especially with respect to Tregs and Th17 cells. On the other hand, enteric-related tissues such as mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches (PPs) and lamina propria are rich in immune cells to resist attack from intestinal pathogens.…”