&lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-Carnitine, a ‘Vitamin-Like Substance’ for Functional Food. Proceedings of the Symposium on &lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-Carnitine, April 28 to May 1, 2000, Zermatt, Switzerland

Walter, Paul; Schaffhauser, Andrea O.

doi:10.1159/000012825

Cited by 41 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Liver is one of the main sources of endogenous carnitine synthesis from lysine, methionine, ascorbate, niacin, pyridoxine and Fe 2+ . Carnitine is captured and stored by muscle because there is no carnitine synthesis in muscle [4]. Carnitine deficiencies may cause symptoms such as fatigue, chest pain, muscle pain, weakness, low blood pressure, and/or confusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 on CCl4-Induced Liver Injury in Rats

Ali

Faddah²,

Abdel-Baky³

et al. 2010

Sci. Pharm.

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This study provides an information about the mechanisms of liver injury induced by CCl4, and determines the influence of administration of L-carnitine or/and CoQ10 as prophylactic agents against CCl4 deteriorative effect. The study was carried out on 80 adult male albino rats divided into eight groups, 10 animals each, as follows: four normal groups (control, treated with L-carnitine, treated with CoQ10, and treated with a combination of Lcarnitine and CoQ10) and four liver injury groups treated with CCl4 (control, treated with L-carnitine, treated with CoQ10, and treated with a combination of L-carnitine and CoQ10). Liver injury was induced by s.c. injection of a single dose of CCl4 (1 ml/kg). L-carnitine (50 mg/kg/day) was given i.p. for four successive days 24 hours before CCl4 injection, and CoQ10 (200 mg/kg) was given as a single i.p. dose 24 hours before CCl4 injection. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after CCl4 injection, blood samples were withdrawn and liver tissue samples were homogenized. The levels of the following parameters were determined: hepatic reduced glutathione, serum ALT and AST, hepatic lipid peroxides, hepatic vitamin C, hepatic and serum total protein, serum albumin, serum sialic acid, serum nitrite, and serum and hepatic total LDH activities and LDH isoenzymes. The obtained data revealed that CCl4 injection produced a significant decrease in reduced glutathione content, vitamin C, total protein and albumin levels. However, there was a significant increase in serum ALT and AST activities, lipid peroxides, sialic acid, nitric oxide, serum and hepatic total LDH activities. On the other hand, groups treated with L-carnitine or/and CoQ10 prior to CCl4 injection showed an improvement in most parameters when compared with cirrhotic control group. It has been concluded that L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10 have a pronounced prophylactic effect against liver damage induced by halogenated alkanes such as carbon tetrachloride.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 on CCl4-Induced Liver Injury in Rats

Ali

Faddah²,

Abdel-Baky³

et al. 2010

Sci. Pharm.

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“…It regulates ketogenesis, adaptation of mitochondrial energy control, and free fatty acid (FFA) transport and their clearance [2]. More than 90% of the body’s carnitine is found in skeletal and cardiac muscles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carnitine is captured and stored by muscle because there is no carnitine synthesis in muscle [2]. Carnitine stores are repleted from diet and biosynthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of <i>L</i>-Carnitine on the Serum Lipoproteins and HDL-C Subclasses in Hemodialysis Patients

Argani

Rahbaninoubar²,

Ghorbanihagjo³

et al. 2005

Nephron Clin Pract

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Aims: Following carnitine administration a decrease in plasma levels of triglyceride (TG) and increase in total high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been reported. Our hypothesis was that it also improves the HDL₂/HDL₃ ratio, symptomatic intradialytic hypotension, and anemia in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: Forty HD patients with a mean (± SD) age of 53 ± 13 years were treated with 500 mg/day carnitine taken orally for 2 months. Patients were used as their own controls (before treatment). Lipid and lipoproteins were determined by Alcyon Abbott autoanalyzer. HDL subclasses were measured by magnesium precipitation after fractionation with dextran sulfate. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and serum albumin were measured by standard methods. The results were analyzed by SPSS 11.05. Results: We found a significant decrease in serum TG (2.22 ± 0.99 vs. 1.93 ± 1.07 mmol/l, p < 0.01) and VLDL-C (0.93 ± 0.36 vs. 0.81 ± 0.34 mmol/l, p = 0.01) and a marked increase in HDL-C (0.9 ± 0.16 vs. 1.06 ± 0.24 mmol/l, p < 0.05), HDL₂-C (0.17 ± 0.06 vs. 0.27 ± 0.14 mmol/l, p < 0.05) and albumin (37 ± 4 vs. 42 ± 5 g/l, p = 0.01) levels. The serum levels of total cholesterol (4.61 ± 0.89 vs. 4.5 ± 0.95 mmol/l, p = 0.1), LDL-C (2.78 ± 0.85 vs. 2.6 ± 0.89 mmol/l, p > 0.05), HDL₃-C (0.73 ± 0.1 vs. 0.79 ± 0.17 mmol/l, p > 0.05), hemoglobin, hematocrit, and intradialytic blood pressure did not change after the treatment. Conclusion: Treatment with 500 mg/day carnitine taken orally for 2 months reduces serum levels of TG and VLDL-C, and increases HDL-C, HDL₂-C and albumin in HD patients.

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“…Buckwheat without additional nutrients has been fermented using R. oligosporus , producing four times higher amount of l ‐carnitine than original buckwheat (Park et al., 2017). l ‐carnitine is a quaternary ammonium compound naturally found in meat (Walter & Schaffhauser, 2000). Its major role is a carrier of long‐chain fatty acid into mitochondria for beta‐oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its major role is a carrier of long‐chain fatty acid into mitochondria for beta‐oxidation. It has good influence on ischemic heart disease and recovery after exercise (Walter & Schaffhauser, 2000). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and biochemical properties of l‐carnitine fortified Makgeolli brewed by using fermented buckwheat

Park

Nguyen

Lee

et al. 2018

Food Science & Nutrition

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Makgeolli is a traditional Korean alcoholic rice beverage. It is brewed of ingredients containing starch, Nuruk, and water. In order to improve the quality and functionality of Makgeolli, the Rhizopus oligosporus fermented buckwheat containing 18.7 mg/kg of l‐carnitine were utilized to brew l‐carnitine fortified Makgeolli with rice. Makgeolli was prepared in two‐stage fermentation method and total rutin and quercetin in each fermented buckwheat Makgeolli were increased 1.8‐fold greater than buckwheat Makgeolli. DPPH antioxidant activity was enhanced in fermented buckwheat Makgeolli than buckwheat Makgeolli (21.9%–65.7%). The amounts of l‐carnitine in rice Makgeolli, buckwheat Makgeolli, and fermented buckwheat Makgeolli were 0.9, 0.8–1.0, and 1.0–1.9 mg/L, respectively. The fermented buckwheat Makgeolli not only promoted health benefit by increasing l‐carnitine and flavonols, but also made effective alcohol production (2.8%–8.4%) compared to common buckwheat Makgeolli, indicating the potential industrial application with health benefits.

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<i>L</i>-Carnitine, a ‘Vitamin-Like Substance’ for Functional Food. Proceedings of the Symposium on <i>L</i>-Carnitine, April 28 to May 1, 2000, Zermatt, Switzerland

Cited by 41 publications

References 20 publications

Protective Effect of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 on CCl4-Induced Liver Injury in Rats

Protective Effect of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 on CCl4-Induced Liver Injury in Rats

Effect of <i>L</i>-Carnitine on the Serum Lipoproteins and HDL-C Subclasses in Hemodialysis Patients

Composition and biochemical properties of l‐carnitine fortified Makgeolli brewed by using fermented buckwheat

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