&lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; evaluation of single dose tetanus toxoid vaccine formulation with chitosan microspheres

Manivannan, Ramalingam; Dhanaraj, S. A.; Rao, Yao; Balasubramaniam, A; Gowrishankar, NL; Jawahar, N; Selvaraj, Jubie

doi:10.4103/0250-474x.40325

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The presence of flocculation found after 14 ± 0.5 min indicated that the sample was stable. Similar results were obtained for tetanus toxoid vaccine formulation with chitosan microspheres in earlier study [45].…”

Section: Flocculation Test Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Formulation and in Vitro - In Vivo Evaluation of Tetanus Toxoid-Mannitol Dry Powder Inhalation for Pulmonary Delivery

ADDANKİ

Katakam²,

Adiki

et al. 2023

Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg.

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Objective: A dry powder inhalation of tetanus toxoid and mannitol was prepared and evaluated for stability and its immunogenicity in comparison to the conventional TT vaccine. Material and Method: TT and mannitol dry powder inhalation was prepared and evaluated for particle size analysis, FTIR, flow properties, encapsulation efficiency, flocculation, and in vitro drug vaccine release studies. Immunological studies of the formulation were performed on BALB/c mice. Result and Discussion: The powder blend of tetanus toxoid and mannitol remained stable under the process conditions and after storage. The result was confirmed through a flocculation test. No interactions were reported according to FTIR analysis. The homogenization process yielded a powder with a geometrical particle size diameter of 1312 ± 1310.9 nm which was found suitable for pulmonary administration. The zeta potential and PDI were found to be -22.6 ± 0.16 mV and 0.499 ± 0.015, respectively. The diffusion studies indicated immediate release of the TT with 82.4 ± 6.7% of drug released within 2 h following the diffusion mechanism and zero order kinetics. Additionally, the flow properties of the dry powder inhalation were reported to have good flow properties. More importantly, the immunological studies inferred the induction of high systemic and mucosal immunity over conventional vaccines.

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Section: Flocculation Test Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Formulation and in Vitro - In Vivo Evaluation of Tetanus Toxoid-Mannitol Dry Powder Inhalation for Pulmonary Delivery

ADDANKİ

Katakam²,

Adiki

et al. 2023

Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg.

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“…The tetanus toxoid was good at boosting the humoral immune response and inducing antibody production which agrees with the report of Manivannan et al (2008) and Li et al (2012). The highest values of flocculation limit were reported when CFA was administered with toxoid compared to the IFA group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Hematobiochemical and Immunological Profiles of Horses Used for Preparation of ‎Antitetanic hyperimmune Serum by Different Types of Adjuvants

Saleh¹,

Allam²,

Elfiky³

et al. 2023

Journal of Current Veterinary Research

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This study aimed to characterize the hematobiochemical and immunological profiles following immunization of equine with tetanus toxoid or/and toxin for obtaining antitetanic hyperimmune serum with special reference to the role of adjuvants in boosting immune response to immunization. Forty-Five apparently healthy horses were divided into 9 groups, one control group and other 8 groups were subjected to 8 vaccination protocols including tetanus toxoid or/ and toxin with or without adjuvants according to the experimental design of this study. Blood samples were collected from all horses and were assayed for the selected hematobiochemical and immunological parameters. Hematologically, there was a significant decreasesin the mean values of RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV and platelet in all vaccinated groups compared to control one. MCH and MCHC values showed a significant increases in immunized horses except in group administered tetanus toxoid combined with CFA whereas their values exhibited a significant decreases. The mean values of TLC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts exhibited a significant increase in all vaccinated groups with or without addition of adjuvants. The results of serum biochemical parameters showed significant reduction in serum albumin levels and marked elevation in the concentrations of total protein, globulin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin as well as serum enzymatic activities of AST and LDH. Regarding the immunological responses, all vaccinated groups demonstrated a significant increase in the limits of flocculation, IgG and α1, α2 and γ-globulins compared to control particularly in groups injected with a combination tetanus toxoid and toxin. For most tested parameters the effects were more pronounced when CFA was added to the vaccination protocols. In conclusion, the presented results can consider the Freund adjuvants as apotent enhancers of immune response to tetanus vaccines for production of high titer hyperimmune serum with few side effects and thus high safety margin. However, the repeated use of horses for preparation of antitetanic hyperimmune serum should be Clinical Pathology

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“…However, for the tetanus toxoid encapsulation within chitosan microspheres cross-linking associated to emulsion techniques was used. The result achieved was 70e84% of efficiency, which was determined through the time flocculation test procedure [18]. However, high efficiency was obtained through encapsulation techniques and efficiency evaluation very different from those applied on the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Anti-botulism single-shot vaccine using chitosan for protein encapsulation by simple coacervation

et al. 2016

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<i>In vivo</i> evaluation of single dose tetanus toxoid vaccine formulation with chitosan microspheres

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Formulation and in Vitro - In Vivo Evaluation of Tetanus Toxoid-Mannitol Dry Powder Inhalation for Pulmonary Delivery

Formulation and in Vitro - In Vivo Evaluation of Tetanus Toxoid-Mannitol Dry Powder Inhalation for Pulmonary Delivery

Hematobiochemical and Immunological Profiles of Horses Used for Preparation of ‎Antitetanic hyperimmune Serum by Different Types of Adjuvants

Anti-botulism single-shot vaccine using chitosan for protein encapsulation by simple coacervation

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