<i>In vitro</i> ruminal dry matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibility of common feedstuffs as affected by the addition of essential oils and their active compounds

Effects of the combination between selected phytochemicals and the carriers silica and Tween 80 on dry matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibility of common feeds

“…The fermentation was conducted in an in vitro batch system described by Goering and Van Soest (1970) with the modifications reported by Righi et al (2009); DMD and NDFD were measured in duplicate after 4 and 24 h of incubation as described in Righi et al (2017). The fermentations were repeated twice in two separate weeks.…”

“…The fermentations were repeated twice in two separate weeks. The PCs were combined with the carriers at the equivalent dose of 1 g/cow/day, as suggested by Benchaar et al (2006), assuming a hypothetical DM intake of about 20 kg (Righi et al 2017;Ammer et al 2018). The final concentration of the PCs in each flask was therefore set at 50 mg kg À1 of DM (equivalent to 0.5 mg L À1 considering a substrate of 0.5 g and 50 ml of liquids in each flask).…”

“…The fermentation substrates included maize meal and soybean meal, representing common concentrate feed ingredients in dairy cattle diets, supplying starch and protein, respectively; the third fermentation substrate employed was a total mixed ration (TMR) for dairy cows, to represent a typical maize silage based diet of the Padana Plain -Northern Italy (Comino et al 2015;Righi et al 2016Righi et al , 2017. The TMR composition was as follows (g kg À1 DM): maize silage, 246; maize meal, 180; triticale silage, 108; soybean meal, 79; maize grain flaked, 66; sorghum haylage, 61; alfalfa hay, 49; barley meal, 42; maize distillers, 38; soybean hulls, 33; beet pulp, 33; wheat straw, 10; soybean flakes, 20; fat supplement (Megalac V R ), 18; mineral and vitamin premix, 18.…”

Effect of essential oils and aqueous extracts of plants on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production

“…Similarly, Cobellis et al (2016) used 1.125 mg/L of REO, EEO, and CEO and observed a decrease in IVDMD. Righi et al (2017) evaluated different essential oils (cinnamon, clove, thyme, oregano, carvacrol) and their active compounds on different feedstuffs (soybean meal, maize meal, lucerne hay, and a total mixed ration) on in vitro rumen fermentation. Interestingly EOs have different effects depending on the fermented substrate; for example, the addition of most EOs depressed DMD of soybean meal.…”

Low doses of lactoferrin supplementation in weaning calves

“…Starter and milk were sampled weekly. Starter samples were processed as described by Righi et al (2017), Simoni et al (2020) and Comino et al (2014). In brief, dried samples were ground in a Cyclotec mill (Tecator, Herndon, VA) to pass a 1-mm screen and analysed for crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE), according to AOAC (2005).…”