&lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; Evaluation of Nasal Mucociliary Clearance Using Excised Rat Nasal Septum

Inoue, Daisuke; Furubayashi, Tomoyuki; Ogawara, Ken Ichi; Kimura, Toshikiro; Higaki, Kazutaka; Katsumi, Hidemasa; Sakane, Toshiyasu; Yamamoto, Akira; Higashi, Yasuhiko

doi:10.1248/bpb.35.889

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…7), suggesting that CFZ does not affect ciliary function at these concentrations. No effect of CFZ on MC was also confirmed by following the method reported previously 3) (Table 1). Relationship between CBF and MC Finally, the relationship between CBF and MC was investigated utilizing our previously reported results for MC.…”

Section: Determination Of Cbfsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…16) Our present MC results are cited from our previous study. 3) study also showed that ATRP decreased CBF to 78 and 82% of the control at concentrations of 1 µm and 100 µm, respectively (Fig. 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…13) These reported values are similar to our results, suggesting that the evaluation system developed in the present study would provide us with an acceptable value for CBF and allow us to estimate the ciliary function of the rat nasal mucosa. To validate the in vitro CBF evaluation system and examine the relationship between CBF and MC, drugs with four different modes of pharmacological action, which are known to have an effect on ciliary function 15) and MC, 3) were used to change mucociliary function in the present study. Drug concentrations used in this study were selected based on previous in vitro study 13,15,16) except for PPl and ATl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study, we established an in vitro MC evaluation system allowed us to quantitatively determine MC and estimate the effects of drugs, pharmaceutical additives, and physicochemical properties of nasal formulations on MC under physiological conditions using an excised rat nasal mucosa. 3) Since MC is created by ciliary beats, ciliary beat frequency (CBF) is usually measured as an index of ciliary activity. Moreover, CBF has been utilized as an index of ciliary activity to evaluate the ciliotoxicity of nasal formulations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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<i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation of the Ciliary Beat Frequency of the Rat Nasal Epithelium Using a High-Speed Digital Imaging System

Inoue

Furubayashi

Ogawara

et al. 2013

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Mucociliary clearance (MC) is an important factor in determining nasal drug absorption and the ciliary beat of ciliated epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa is the driving force of MC. However, the relationship between MC and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) is still ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to establish an evaluation method of CBF as an index of mucociliary function and examine the relationship between MC and CBF. A sequence of images of ciliary beating of an excised rat nasal septum was captured using a high-speed digital video camera. CBF (beats per second, Hz) was determined from periodic changes in the contrast value of a specific location in a sequence of images. CBF under control conditions was 8.49±0.38 Hz, which is similar to values reported for cultured human nasal epithelial cells and rat tracheal cells. β-Adrenergic and cholinergic antagonists decreased CBF, while β-adrenergic agonists and acetylcholine increased CBF. These results were similar with those observed for MC in our previous study. It was found that CBFs were significantly and linearly correlated with MC, indicating that MC is directly regulated by CBF and that this evaluation system allows the quantitative determination of nasal mucociliary function.Key words mucociliary clearance; ciliary beat frequency; high-speed digital imaging method; nasal absorption; cilia; nasal cavity Nasal drug delivery has several advantages over oral drug administration. After the nasal application of drugs, a faster onset of action is expected due to no time being needed to reach the absorption site, a relatively large absorptive surface area, and high vascularization. Furthermore, it has been shown that bioavailability is also greater due to the avoidance of presystemic metabolism and/or chemical degradation.

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Section: Determination Of Cbfsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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<i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation of the Ciliary Beat Frequency of the Rat Nasal Epithelium Using a High-Speed Digital Imaging System

Inoue

Furubayashi

Ogawara

et al. 2013

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Fluorescent polyethylene microspheres may be an alternative to carbon in studies of mucociliary clearance. Polyethylene microspheres have been used for the demonstration of mucociliary activity in the respiratory epithelium of other species (14,15,17). Advantages of fluorescent microspheres are that they are non-toxic, inert, and highly visible.…”

Section: Polyethylene Microspheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Techniques to Study Equine Cervical Mucociliary Clearance

Hawkes

Richard

Toothaker

et al. 2018

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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Bacterial uterine infections inflict major losses on the equine breeding industry. These infections usually arise from bacteria introduced at breeding. Micro-currents propelled by ciliated cells between the folds of the uterus and cervix have been proposed as a means by which contaminants are expelled. Previous data have shown possible ciliary micro-currents propelling carbon particles, occasionally rotating, through cervical folds. However, adherence to the epithelium may have interfered with movement of carbon in these studies. Therefore, we tested potentially non-adherent substances to reveal ciliary micro-currents on the equine cervix under high magnification video-endoscopy. We hypothesized that polyethylene green microspheres 1-5 μm and 70 μm in diameter, would be superior to carbon in revealing micro-currents on the cervical epithelium and that 70 μm hemispherically coated bichromal microspheres would display rotation. A suspension containing these microspheres and carbon was deposited onto the cervix of 5 estrous mares and movement of each type of particle was recorded under high video endoscopy for approximately 10-20 minutes. In more than 50% of each video recording the field of view was obscured by camera movement or poor positioning. However, the remainder of the recording contained short segments in which the interactions between the epithelium and particles were observable. All observable segments were then analyzed for the presence or absence of desired (visibility, motion, and rotation) and undesired (aggregation) criteria for each type of particle. Particles were scored for the prevalence of these desired and undesired criteria according to the number of video segments in which they were observed. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Backward rotation of bichromal spheres was interpreted as evidence of ciliary activity. Overall, carbon scored equal to or higher than the microspheres, leading to rejection of the hypothesis. Of the microspheres, the bichromal microspheres scored highest overall, but tended to aggregate more than the green microspheres, aggregation being undesirable. Subjective assessment concluded that cervical movement was closely related to respiratory movements of the mare, and that the constantly moving cervical folds helped clear the deposited particles. These data may improve detection of mucociliary clearance in the cervix and uterus and may assist future studies to detect impaired mucociliary clearance in infertile mares.

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