<i>In vitro</i> anthelmintic activity of <i>Heliotropium indicum, Senna fistula</i> and <i>Spigelia anthelmia</i> used as worm expeller in South West Nigeria

Abstract

&lt;p&gt;The anthelmintic potential of &lt;em&gt;Heliotropium indicum, Senna fistula &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Spigelia anthelmia&lt;/em&gt; were investigated using nematodes larvae from sheep and adult earthworms in order to justify the folkloric claim of the plants as worm expeller in south west of Nigeria. The acetone, ethanol, hydro-alcohol and distilled water extracts showed dose-dependent anthelmintic activities at the different concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 1.0 mg/ml) when tested against nematodes larvae. The order of anthelmintic effect for the plants was &lt;em&gt;H. indicum&amp;gt; S. fistula&amp;gt; S. anthelmia&lt;/em&gt;. Acetone and ethanol extracts of the three plants showed the most effective activity (100% mortality) against adult earth worm (&lt;em&gt;Pheretima posthuma&lt;/em&gt;) after 30 min of exposure The reference standard drug (Vermox®) showed less effectiveness compared to the medicinal plants used in the study. Overall, the study indicates that &lt;em&gt;Heliotropium indicum, Senna fistula &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Spigelia anthelmia&lt;/em&gt; are potential anthelmintic herbal drugs, which in turn validates the use of the three species as worm expellers by the Yorubas tribe of South West Nigeria.&lt;/p&gt;

Antimicrobial and anthelmintic potential of root and leaf extracts of Gazania krebsiana Less. subsp. serrulata (DC.) Roessler: An in vitro assessment

“…It then suffices to propose that both acetone and ethanol were able to extract more of the active principles that were potent against hatchability of nematode eggs from the root of G. Krebsiana, while the principles required to kill or inactivate the larvae were actively abundant in all the extracts safe leaf ethanol extract. Our findings agree with earlier reports[34][35][36]. These authors opined that sample type and isolation methods are crucial to the elicited biological activity of botanical extracts.Apart from implicating phytochemicals (bioactive metabolites) as therapeutic and pharmacologically potent agents, their mechanisms of anthelmintic and antimicrobial activities have also been elucidated.…”

Extracting and Analyzing Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Medicinal Plants: A Review

“…[194][195][196]. Furthermore anti-cancer [194][195][196], anti-inflammatory [195,196], hypotensive [197], and anthelmenic [198] effects have been reported. Only a few extraction approaches (see Table 3) for PAs inherent in Helitropium species (see Table 2) were conducted.…”

Phytochemical Investigation, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis, Antibacterial and Anthelminthic Activity of Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell.

“…There was promising anthelminthic activity which was dose dependant. Earthworms are used widely for initial in vitro anthelminthic investigation studies [20] . The anthelminthic activity can be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds and tannins in the extract.…”