We report on the direct synthesis of different kinds of BN -C multi-walled and single-walled nanotubes exhibiting a segregation between BN and C domains. Multi-walled BN-C nanotubes (MW-BN/C-NTs) were synthesized using the aerosol method whereas single-walled BN-C nanotubes (SW-BN/C-NTs) have been for the first time produced using a continuous CO 2 -laser vaporization process [S. Enouz et al., to be published]. Degrees of purity, homogeneity and yield have been estimated from a systematic inspection of the samples by scanning electron microscopy. Structure of these tubes and spatial distribution of C, B and N as well as their chemical environments have been inspected at the nanometer scale by combining high resolution transmission microscopy and nano-electron energy loss spectroscopy. These analyses provide clear evidence of new kinds of arrangements of C, B and N within the graphene layer, which are due to the segregation properties of h-BN and graphite. Thus, combining BN and C elements into nanotubular systems can open the way to a broad range of new nanodevices.