<i>Botrytis</i> tolerance to 6phenylalphapyrone and massoialactone

Abstract

The potential for Botrytis populations exposed to UV radiation to develop tolerance to the Trichoderma metabolite 6pentylalphapyrone (6PAP) and the 6PAP analog massoialactone was determined using 14 different Botrytis isolates There was significant isolate variation in germination of Botrytis conidia after UV exposure Plating conidia onto sublethal doses of 6PAP yielded no 6PAP tolerant mutants After UV irradiation two Botrytis mutants grew on normally lethal doses of 6 PAP while 59 mutants grew on normally lethal doses of massoialactone 6PAP mutants were cross resistant to normally lethal doses of massoialactone whereas massoialactone mutants were not able to grow on normally lethal doses of 6PAP After one generation of growth on kiwifruit slices 6PAP mutants lost tolerance to normally lethal doses of 6PAP However after three generations of growth on kiwifruit slices 6PAP plus massoialactone mutants retained tolerance to normally lethal doses to massoialactone

Isolation, production and in vitro effects of the major secondary metabolite produced by Trichoderma species used for the control of grapevine trunk diseases

“…isolates in vivo . None of these reports identified the compounds that were responsible for the observed effect and the inhibitory concentrations of 6PP on grapevine trunk pathogens are comparable to those reported for Botrytis cinerea (Walter et al ., ) and Fusarium verticillioides (syn. F .…”

“…Walter et al . () produced mutant isolates of B. cinerea by UV irradiation that were tolerant to high concentrations of 6PP, but the tolerance to 6PP was lost after growth on plant material (kiwifruit slices). Some fungi that can break down 6PP to less toxic compounds have also been reported (Cooney & Lauren, ).…”

Antimicrobial properties of 6-pentyl-α-pyrone produced by endophytic strains of Trichoderma koningii and its effect on aflatoxin B1 production

“…The results further showed that 6PP was fungicidal and the MFC value was found in the range 100-110 μg/mL. In this regard, 6PP showed a fungicidal activity against Chaetomium, Curvularia, Aspergillus, and Botrytis (Cutler et al 1986;Walter et al 2000). Simon et al (1988) reported that 6PP produced by T. koningii inhibited the growth of six soil borne plant pathogens (Gaeumannomyces graminis, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Pythium middletonii, Fusarium oxysporum and Bipolaris sorokiniana).…”

Production of Coconut Aroma in Solid-State Cultivation: Screening and Identification ofTrichodermaStrains for 6-Pentyl-Alpha-Pyrone and Conidia Production

“…e behavior of this strain should be investigated against phytopathogenic fungi such as, for example, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Crinipellis perniciosa, and Rhizoctonia solani [12,13,32,33]. For this reason, it is important to produce 6-PP, conidia, or biomass in large amounts to meet field requirements.…”

“…On the contrary, 6-PP has attracted considerable attention as a control agent due to its powerful antifungal activity. Hence, the ability of 6-PP to control the growth of Botrytis cinerea has been highlighted by Walter et al [13]. Several workers have also reported that 6-PP production is apparently related to the antagonism response of some Trichoderma species to disadvantageous culture conditions and that the solid-state culture can give higher yields of 6-PP than submerged fermentation [14][15][16].…”