<em>Leptadenia reticulata</em> (Retz.) Wight (Jivanti): Botanical, Agronomical, Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Biotechnological Aspects

Abstract

Leptadenia reticulata (Ritz.) Wight (Asclepiadaceae), a traditional medicinal plant species, is widely used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as tuberculosis, hematopoiesis, emaciation, cough, dyspnea, fever, burning sensation, night blindness, cancer, and dysentery. In Ayurveda, it is known for its revitalizing, rejuvenating, and lactogenic properties. This plant is one of the major ingredients in many commercial herbal formulations, including Speman, Envirocare, Calshakti, Antisept, and Chyawanprash. The therapeutic potential of this herb is because of the presence of diverse bioactive compounds such as α-amyrin, β-amyrin, ferulic acid, luteolin, diosmetin, rutin, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, hentriacontanol, a triterpene alcohol simiarenol, apigenin, reticulin, deniculatin, and leptaculatin. However, most biological studies on L. reticulata are restricted to crude extracts, and many biologically active compounds are yet to be identified in order to claim the traditional uses of L. reticulata into evidence-based uses. At present, L. reticulata is a threatened endangered plant because of overexploitation, unscientific harvesting, and habitat loss. The increased demand from pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and veterinary industries has prompted its large-scale propagation. However, its commercial cultivation is hampered because of the non-availability of genuine planting material and the lack of knowledge on its agronomical practices. In this regard, micropropagation technique will be useful to obtain true-to-type L. reticulata planting materials from an elite germplasm to meet the current demand. Adopting other biotechnological approaches such as synthetic seed technology, cryopreservation, cell culture, and genetic transformation can warrant conservation as well as increased metabolite production from L. reticulata. The present review summarizes scientific information on the botanical, agronomical, phytochemical, pharmacological, and biotechnological aspects of L. reticulata. This comprehensive information will certainly allow better utilization of this industrially important herb towards the discovery of lead drug molecules.

Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Mitragyna parvifolia Leaf Extracts in Experimental Rats

“…The fact that the ethanolic extract of leaves of Mitragyna parvifolia exhibited inhibitory activities against some of the microorganisms implicated in the pathogenesis of bacterial and skin diseases (Escherechia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Microsporum gypseum and Aspergillus niger) provides some scientific basis for the utilization of this plant in traditional Indian systems of medicine and as alternative to commercially available high cost medicines for the treatment of bacterial and skin diseases. 16 Based on the test data, further chemical and pharmacological investigations may be recommended for Mitragyna parvifolia.…”

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“…[7] Quercetin compounds have an active role in Leptadenia reticulata (Apocynaceae) and are used to treat different ailments such as cancer, CVS, allergies, diabetes, immunomodulatory, and anti-infective properties. [8][9][10] L. reticulata, traditionally known as "Jivanti", is a popular plant that is used as a drug in the Indian ayurvedic system of medicine and folklore practice. It is well documented in Ayurveda for its revitalizing, renewing, and lactogenic properties.…”

“…Despite the fact that earlier research has reported that quercetin was assessed and measured using analytical techniques such as HPLC and HPTLC. [8,14] However, validation parameters were not done for quercetin in L. reticulata using the HPTLC method. [15] Secondary metabolites are not stable in geographically collected herbal plants, according to previous studies.…”

“…In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of L. reticulata has been shown in previous studies; however, in vitro assays have not been carried out. [8] Henceforth, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a highly sensitive HPTLC method for the determination of quercetin in herbal plant extract. The optimized HPTLC method was applied to determine the lowest quantity of quercetin compound in L. reticulata plant material collected from different geographical locations in India and assess the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity.…”

“…Despite the fact that quercetin was found in the L. reticulata fraction using HPTLC and HPLC approaches. [8,14] Nevertheless, method development for quercetin, which is found in L. reticulata, was performed; however, method validation parameters have yet to be defined. In this study, all validation parameters for quercetin, notably LOD, LOQ, accuracy, recovery, and robustness, were confirmed.…”