<em>Lactobacillus helveticus</em> (ATCC 27558) upregulates <em>Runx2</em> and <em>Bmp2</em> and modulates bone mineral density in ovariectomy-induced bone loss rats

Abstract

PurposeOsteoporosis is one of the major health concerns among the elderly population, especially in postmenopausal women. Many menopausal women over 50 years of age lose their bone density and suffer bone fractures. In addition, many mortality and morbidity cases among the elderly are related to hip fracture. This study aims to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus helveticus (L. helveticus) on bone health status among ovariectomized (OVX) bone loss-induced rats.MethodsThe rats were either OVX or sham OVX (sham), then were randomly assigned into three groups, G1: sham, G2: OVX and G3: OVX+L. helveticus (1 mL of 108–109 colony forming units). The supplementation was force-fed to the rats once a day for 16 weeks while control groups were force-fed with demineralized water.ResultsL. helveticus upregulated the expression of Runx2 and Bmp2, increased serum osteocalcin, bone volume/total volume and trabecular thickness, and decreased serum C-terminal telopeptide and total porosity percentage. It also altered bone microstructure, as a result increasing bone mineral density and bone strength.ConclusionOur results indicate that L. helveticus attenuates bone remodeling and consequently improves bone health in OVX rats by increasing bone formation along with bone resorption reduction. This study suggests a potential therapeutic effect of L. helveticus (ATCC 27558) on postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Probiotics as a New Regulator for Bone Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The other studies used senescence-accelerated mouse (SAMP) [ 60 , 61 ], virgin fisher rat [ 62 ], and ND4 Swiss Webster retired breeder mice [ 63 ]. Out of 37 studies, 17 publications were performed on male [ 29 , 33 , 35 , 38 , 41 , 45 , 46 , 48 , 49 , 52 – 55 , 60 , 61 , 63 , 64 ], 17 on female [ 30 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 42 , 44 , 50 , 51 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 62 , 65 ], and 3 on both gender [ 28 , 31 , 43 ]. In fourteen investigations, female rats had ovariectomy surgery that induced osteoporosis [ 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 42 , 44 , 47 , 51 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 62 , 66 ], and in two studies, diabetic rats were included [ 38 , 45 ].…”

“…Out of 37 studies, 17 publications were performed on male [ 29 , 33 , 35 , 38 , 41 , 45 , 46 , 48 , 49 , 52 – 55 , 60 , 61 , 63 , 64 ], 17 on female [ 30 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 42 , 44 , 50 , 51 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 62 , 65 ], and 3 on both gender [ 28 , 31 , 43 ]. In fourteen investigations, female rats had ovariectomy surgery that induced osteoporosis [ 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 42 , 44 , 47 , 51 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 62 , 66 ], and in two studies, diabetic rats were included [ 38 , 45 ]. Animals were fed by L. reuteri [ 30 , 31 , 40 , 43 , 45 , 46 , 56 , 57 , 64 ], L. casei [ 34 , 38 – 40 , 51 , 63 ], L. paracasei [ 42 , 44 , 54 , 65 …”

Lactobacillus‐fermented milk products attenuate bone loss in an experimental rat model of ovariectomy‐induced post‐menopausal primary osteoporosis

“…BMP2 is a growth factor that plays a crucial role in bone development and osteoblastic differentiation by activating signalling molecules such as Smad 1/5/8 and regulating osteogenic genes like RUNX2 (Parvaneh et al . 2018). RUNX2 is a major gene that regulates the expression of osteoblastic genes and is a critical transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation (Gilbert et al .…”

“…Furthermore, the expression of RUNX2, which was unaffected after ovariectomy, was upregulated upon treatment with the two Lactobacillus-FMPs, which provided the evidence that L. plantarum A41 and L. fermentum SRK414-FMPs could regulate BMP2 signalling. BMP2 is a growth factor that plays a crucial role in bone development and osteoblastic differentiation by activating signalling molecules such as Smad 1/5/8 and regulating osteogenic genes like RUNX2 (Parvaneh et al 2018). RUNX2 is a major gene that regulates the expression of osteoblastic genes and is a critical transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation (Gilbert et al 2002).…”

Bone‐protective effects of Lactobacillus plantarum B719‐fermented milk product

“…Previous studies reported that there are certain probiotic strains that are capable of blocking the decreased bone‐breaking force and of normalising the decreased trabecular bone parameters induced by ovariectomy. Parvaneh and colleagues reported that L. helveticus increases the BV/TV, BMD and the bone‐breaking force in OVX rats (Parvaneh et al 2018) via upregulating expression of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 ( BMP‐2 ) pathway‐related genes. Also, Dar and co‐workers also reported that L. acidophilus exhibits anti‐osteoporotic effects on osteoporotic mice by increasing BMD and bone parameter values such as Tb.Th and BV/TV (%) through balancing immune‐related regulatory T cells (Treg) and helper T cells (Th) (Dar et al 2018).…”