&lt;em&gt;In situ&lt;/em&gt; Compressive Loading and Correlative Noninvasive Imaging of the Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Joint

Jang, Andrew T.; Lin, Jeremy D.; Seo, Youngho; Etchin, Sergey; Merkle, Arno; Fahey, K.; Ho, Sunita P.

doi:10.3791/51147

Cited by 16 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(19 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To date, the biomechanical aspects of the bone-PDL-tooth fibrous joint have been investigated at discrete length-scales, that is, at the levels of the joint (6–13), tissues (3, 14–18), and cells (19–29). Investigations at a joint level have provided insights into the “coupled” nature of joint form and its masticatory function (11).…”

Section: Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Jointmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all cases, insights into the functional information for the PDL-bone and PDL-cementum interfaces will be extracted from in situ experiments (6, 39), and mapping of physical and chemical characteristics of interfaces will be performed through high resolution complementary and correlative microscopy techniques.…”

Section: Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Jointmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The goal of this section is to elucidate tooth movement within the alveolar socket and to gain insights into the contribution and adaptive capacity of the constitutive properties of soft/hard tissues and interfaces to maintain joint biomechanics. Experimental approaches included a validated holistic method using noninvasive imaging technique through micro-X-ray computed tomography (μ-XCT) coupled to a mechanical loading device (6, 8). Ex vivo experimentation enabled visualization and evaluation of the effect of physical shifts within the intact complex of a loaded fibrous joint (6, 8).…”

Section: Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Jointmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Periodontal ligament entheses and their adaptive role in the context of dentoalveolar joint function

Lin

Jang

Kurylo³

et al. 2017

Dental Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives The dynamic bone-periodontal ligament (PDL)-tooth fibrous joint consists of two adaptive functionally graded interfaces (FGI), the PDL-bone and PDL-cementum that respond to mechanical strain transmitted during mastication. In general, from a materials and mechanics perspective, FGI prevent catastrophic failure during prolonged cyclic loading. This review is a discourse of results gathered from literature to illustrate the dynamic adaptive nature of the fibrous joint in response to physiologic and pathologic simulated functions, and experimental tooth movement. Methods Historically, studies have investigated soft to hard tissue transitions through analytical techniques that provided insights into structural, biochemical, and mechanical characterization methods. Experimental approaches included two dimensional to three dimensional advanced in situ imaging and analytical techniques. These techniques allowed mapping and correlation of deformations to physicochemical and mechanobiological changes within volumes of the complex subjected to concentric and eccentric loading regimes respectively. Results Tooth movement is facilitated by mechanobiological activity at the interfaces of the fibrous joint and generates elastic discontinuities at these interfaces in response to eccentric loading. Both concentric and eccentric loads mediated cellular responses to strains, and prompted self-regulating mineral forming and resorbing zones that in turn altered the functional space of the joint. Significance A multiscale biomechanics and mechanobiology approach is important for correlating joint function to tissue-level strain-adaptive properties with overall effects on joint form as related to physiologic and pathologic functions. Elucidating the shift in localization of biomolecules specifically at interfaces during development, function, and therapeutic loading of the joint is critical for developing “functional regeneration and adaptation” strategies with an emphasis on restoring physiologic joint function.

show abstract

Section: Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Jointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Jointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Jointmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Periodontal ligament entheses and their adaptive role in the context of dentoalveolar joint function

Lin

Jang

Kurylo³

et al. 2017

Dental Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Visualisation and contextual analysis of hard (tooth and bone) and soft (PDL) structural components under function is enabled by in situ X-ray microscopy [13]. Insights into the adaptive nature of the radiopaque cementum and alveolar bone, and the radiotransparent PDL are highlighted to illustrate their plausible regenerative capacities.…”

Section: Stressing Tooth and Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of rat specimens, similar analysis was performed to determine the structural variation of blood vessels within the PDL. Visualisation of the radiotransparent PDL was enabled through the use of a contrast agent -1% iodine solution [13,20]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale visualisation of tooth-periodontal ligament-bone fibrous joint function

Yang¹,

Jang²,

Lin³

et al. 2016

infocus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several experimental methods are being used to investigate biomechanics of joints and their associated tissues. This article examines how in situ loading coupled with X-ray microscopy enables visualisation of internal structures of intact joints (mineralised tissues interfacing ligaments) under physiological loading conditions. X-ray imaging of the tooth-periodontal ligament (PDL)-bone fibrous joint, complemented with electron and light microscopy techniques, were used to provide insights into (1) the "functional osseointegration" aspect, should the tooth be replaced with an implant to regain chewing function, and (2) the role of softer vascular components within the ligament toward the regenerative potential of the PDL. Stressing tooth and boneIn this article, the organ of interest is the dental complex, where a seemingly monolithic tooth is attached to an alveolar bone with a fibrous periodontal ligament (PDL), collectively known as a fibrous joint or gomphosis [16]. Visualisation and contextual analysis of hard (tooth and bone) and soft (PDL) structural components under function is enabled by in situ X-ray microscopy [13]. Insights into the adaptive nature of the radiopaque cementum and alveolar bone, and the radiotransparent PDL are highlighted to illustrate their plausible regenerative capacities. These insights open avenues for regenerative medicine specific to a tooth-PDLbone complex where impairment can occur due to periodontal disease [17] or aberrant forces. The bulk of our studies use in situ X-ray microscopy to visualise internal structural components under tension or compression using a specially designed mechanical stage housed within an X-ray microscope.We illustrate here the importance of in situ imaging through two cases: (1) implant-bone contact that provides insights for the development of effective methodologies for implant-bone integration, where the tooth is substituted with an implant to regain chewing otherwise lost to disease [18], and (2) the role of the ligament between the tooth and bone, and the regenerative potential of the complex [19][20][21]. Periodontal ligamentThe tooth is attached to the alveolar bone through a vascularised and innervated periodontal ligament ImplantsChewing capability is often restored using titanium- Figure 1. Multiscale imaging of the tooth-PDL-bone fibrous joint [left to right]: (I) Patient care X-ray cone beam computed tomography illustrates the jaw, location of teeth, and the plane along which maxillary teeth interdigitate with mandibular teeth. Red rectangle in I illustrates a premolar that is imaged at higher resolution using an X-ray computed tomography unit (II). (II) X-ray microscopy with the use of a contrast agent revealed blood vessel channels within the ligament. Black rectangle in II illustrates the tooth-PDL-bone complex (III). (III) High resolution X-ray microscopy revealed heterogeneity in structure and mineral density within bone, cementum and dentin. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated organic ligament-inserts (asterisks) into bone...

show abstract

Multiscale biomechanical responses of adapted bone–periodontal ligament–tooth fibrous joints

Jang

Merkle

Fahey

et al. 2015

Bone

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reduced functional loads cause adaptations in organs. In this study, temporal adaptations of bone-ligament-tooth fibrous joints to reduced functional loads were mapped using a holistic approach. Systematic studies were performed to evaluate organ-level and tissue-level adaptations in specimens harvested periodically from rats given powder food for 6 months (N = 60 over 8,12,16,20, and 24 weeks). Bone-periodontal ligament (PDL)-tooth fibrous joint adaptation was evaluated by comparing changes in joint stiffness with changes in functional space between the tooth and alveolar bony socket. Adaptations in tissues included mapping changes in the PDL and bone architecture as observed from collagen birefringence, bone hardness and volume fraction in rats fed soft foods (soft diet, SD) compared to those fed hard pellets as a routine diet (hard diet, HD). In situ biomechanical testing on harvested fibrous joints revealed increased stiffness in SD groups (SD:239-605 N/mm) (p<0.05) at 8 and 12 weeks. Increased joint stiffness in early development phase was due to decreased functional space (at 8wks change in functional space was −33 µm, at 12wks change in functional space was −30 µm) and shifts in tissue quality as highlighted by birefringence, architecture and hardness. These physical changes were not observed in joints that were well into function, that is, in rodents older than 12 weeks of age. Significant adaptations in older groups were highlighted by shifts in bone growth (bone volume fraction 24wks: Δ-0.06) and bone hardness (8wks: Δ−0.04 GPa, 16 wks: Δ−0.07 GPa, 24wks: Δ−0.06 GPa). The response rate (N/s) of joints to mechanical loads decreased in SD groups. Results from the study showed that joint adaptation depended on age. The initial form-related adaptation (observed change in functional space) can challenge strain-adaptive nature of tissues to meet functional demands with increasing age into adulthood. The coupled effect between functional space in the bone-PDLtooth complex and strain-adaptive nature of tissues is necessary to accommodate functional demands, and is temporally sensitive despite joint malfunction. From an applied science perspective, we propose that adaptations are registered as functional history in tissues and joints.

show abstract

<em>In situ</em> Compressive Loading and Correlative Noninvasive Imaging of the Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Joint

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Periodontal ligament entheses and their adaptive role in the context of dentoalveolar joint function

Periodontal ligament entheses and their adaptive role in the context of dentoalveolar joint function

Multiscale visualisation of tooth-periodontal ligament-bone fibrous joint function

Multiscale biomechanical responses of adapted bone–periodontal ligament–tooth fibrous joints

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About