<![CDATA[<B>Immune cellular response to HPV</B>: <B>current concepts</B>]]>

Abstract

Although cellular immunity is essential for the elimination of human papillomavirus (HPV), the mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. We summarize the main mechanisms involved in cellular immune response to infections caused by HPV. Immunotherapies for HPV-related cancers require the disruption of T-cell response control mechanisms, associated with the stimulation of the Th1 cytokine response.

Asymptomatic oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women with a histopathologic diagnosis of genital HPV

“…Although the association between HPV and oral tumors is well established, the local immune response against HPV is not well understood (15,16). Some research has shown that persistence of the cervical HPV antigen is required to maintain an anti-HPV IgA response and that the presence of anti-HPV IgA in cervical mucosa is commonly associated with clinical lesions in the genital area (17)(18)(19).…”

Predictive Value of Cellular Immune Response and Tumor Biomarkers in Patients Surgically Treated for Cervical Cancer in Relation to Clinical Outcomes"

“…While the risk for acquiring HPV infection is directly linked to the number and behavior of sexual partners, most infections have a benign clinical course and resolve spontaneously. However, up to 10% of women became persistent HPV carriers and constitute the high risk group for progression to cervical carcinoma (Goncalves & Donadi, 2004;Scott, 2001 Based on its rarity, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) recognized as one potential manifestation of HPV infection in the airways, gives only unsatisfactory reports.…”

“…The findings gained during the last years on persistent high risk HPV types in women developing cervical carcinoma have provided the basis for evaluation of the clinical utility of testing for cancer-associated HPV types (Ancuta, 2009;Goncalves & Donadi, 2004;Scott, 2001). …”

“…Chest X-ray, intravenous urography, cystoscopy and proctoscopy, lymphangiography, CT scan, CT directed lymph node aspiration, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positive emission tomography (PET) scan, blood count, serum chemistry profile and urine analysis are allowable techniques for documenting the extent of tumor spread (Goncalves & Donadi, 2004;Scott, 2001). …”

“…HPV has learned to evade the host's immunity through years of coevolution, with the consequence that the immune response induced by HPV after natural infection, aiming to clear or control an incident infection with oncogenic HPV types, is, therefore, attenuated (Goncalves & Donadi, 2004;Hatch, 1999;Piersma, 2007;Scott, 2001;Stoler, 2010).…”