<b>X-ray Fourier Analysis on Rolling Contact Fatigue Layer Formed in Rail</b>

Anomaly Detection in Rails Using Dimensionality Reduction

“…WEL is observed as a widening FWHM of the diffraction rings due to high dislocation density, which was confirmed in a previous study. 1) Plastic flow is known to occur on the rail surface, [26][27][28][29] and it is reported to be consistent with the distribution of τ xz . 30) The FWHM of the diffraction rings are smaller around the cracks, which is caused by a type of softening phenomenon due to the repeated passage of trains after crack initiation.…”

<b>Recent Trends in Research and Development into Materials Technology for Railways</b>

“…As such a study was conducted applying X-ray Fourier analysis which utilizes information gained though X-ray crystallographic analysis in more detail. Reviewing the distribution of indexes acquired from rails in actual service and laboratory specimens showed that this analysis not only allows quantitative evaluation of abrupt changes in the metallographic structure near the surface of an RCF layer but also clarified that the change tended to be more significant towards the inside of the rail that at the surface [16]. Measurement data will continue to be collected and used to determine appropriate frequency with which rails should be maintained with grinding or replaced.…”