&lt;b&gt;THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS OF ANURAN AMPHIBIANS: A HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;STUDY &lt;/b&gt;

El‐Salhy, Magdy; Wilander, Erik; Abu-Sinna, G.

doi:10.2220/biomedres.3.579

Cited by 27 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Gastrin immunoreactive cells have been first de-tected at 15-20 days gestation in the rat (77-81) and 8 wk in the human (41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47). Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings suggest the presence of G cells in the duodenal mucosa, especially in the crypts of the proximal human duodenum.…”

Section: Gastrin Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Cells of the Gut

Polak

1989

Comprehensive Physiology

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THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT possesses functions in addition to digestion; this concept, based on morphological evidence, stems, like the discovery of the first hormone secretin (8), from the beginning of the century. Masson (92) in 1914 attributed an endocrine function to the previously described chromafin (69), osmiophilic, basigranular yellow, or acidophil cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa.Reinforcement for this endocrine concept of gastrointestinal function was given as early as 1938 when Feyrter (53) described the existence of a group of "specialised, clear cells" diffusely dispersed throughout the body. Feyrter's clear cells were stained lightly by conventional histological methods (Fig. 1) and reacted to silver salts (showing argyrophilic and argentafinity properties). Feyrter (54) FIG. 6. Electron micrograph of somatostatin-containing cell from human gut. Cell is pear-shaped and extends from basement membrane to gut lumen where it terminates with microvilli (M). Large (250-300 nm), spherical, electron-dense secretory granules ( G ) are concentrated in basal half of cell. Glutaraldehyde-osmium fixation, Araldite embedding. Bar, 1 pm.

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Section: Gastrin Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Cells of the Gut

Polak

1989

Comprehensive Physiology

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“…The distribution of endocrine islets within the pancreatic gland varies among different vertebrates [ 6 ]. Usually, pancreatic islets are distributed within the whole gland, as in fish [ 7 ], amphibians [ 8 , 9 ], birds [ 10 ], and mammals [ 11 ]. Within reptilian species, islets are distributed within the whole pancreas only in turtles [ 12 ], crocodiles [ 13 ], and some lizards [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of the Pancreatic Islets and Endocrine Cell Arrangement in the Embryonic Pancreas of the Grass Snake (Natrix natrix L.). Immunocytochemical Studies and 3D Reconstructions

Kowalska

Rupik

2021

IJMS

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During the early developmental stages of grass snakes, within the differentiating pancreas, cords of endocrine cells are formed. They differentiate into agglomerates of large islets flanked throughout subsequent developmental stages by small groups of endocrine cells forming islets. The islets are located within the cephalic part of the dorsal pancreas. At the end of the embryonic period, the pancreatic islet agglomerates branch off, and as a result of their remodeling, surround the splenic “bulb”. The stage of pancreatic endocrine ring formation is the first step in formation of intrasplenic islets characteristics for the adult specimens of the grass snake. The arrangement of endocrine cells within islets changes during pancreas differentiation. Initially, the core of islets formed from B and D cells is surrounded by a cluster of A cells. Subsequently, A, B, and D endocrine cells are mixed throughout the islets. Before grass snake hatching, A and B endocrine cells are intermingled within the islets, but D cells are arranged centrally. Moreover, the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells are not found within the embryonic pancreas of the grass snake. Variation in the proportions of different cell types, depending on the part of the pancreas, may affect the islet function—a higher proportion of glucagon cells is beneficial for insulin secretion.

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“…Immunocytochemistry is an invaluable tool in elucidating cell types in various systems, such as in the identification of cell types in pancreatic islet tumors and other applications in the field of pathology (DeLellis et al, 1979;Hutson et al, 1979;Mukai et al, 1982;Polak and Van Noorden, 1983). It has become increasingly desirable to demonstrate more than one antigen in the same tissue section to determine topographic localization and distribution (Orci et al, 1976;El-Salhy et al, 1982. The unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique (Sternberger, 1979) is one of the most sensitive and specific of all immunocytochemical methods (Montero, 1981;Childs, 1982;Grzanna, 1982;Vacca, 1982) and for this reason it is the best available technique to use for multiple staining.…”

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Use of the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase technique for differential staining of multiple cell types in the rat pancreatic islet

DeLeo

Schweisthal

1984

Anat. Rec.

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Multiple staining of the endocrine cells of the pancreatic islet was studied in tissue obtained from adult rats. After fixation in Bouin's fluid and processing for light microscopy, the unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique was performed. Successful staining procedures used variations of the PAP technique with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and 4-chloro-1-naphthol (CN) as chromagens. The purpose of this study was to stain as many of the four primary cell types (A-cells, B-cells, D-cells, PP-cells) as possible either simultaneously or sequentially using photomicroscopy. At optimum antibody titer, there was minimal nonspecific background staining which made it possible to differentiate cell types by intensity of the chromagen. Any two cell types can be shown by using DAB with the first antibody and CN with the second. To demonstrate three cell types simultaneously, three methods which altered dilutions and chromagens were used. The first method consisted of decreasing dilutions of primary antibody with DAB and CN as the chromagens. The second method involved repetitive DAB applications resulting in three intensities of brown. The third method used a DAB immersion after the second cell type was stained. This produced a color differential so the third cell type could be distinguished with CN. To demonstrate the three cell types sequentially, a masking technique was introduced with photomicroscopy. In order to block the preceding complex, the previous cell type (demonstrated by CN) was restained with DAB at an increased dilution. The next cell type was then stained with CN. These four methods were tried in attempts to stain four cell types in the same tissue section.

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<b>THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS OF ANURAN AMPHIBIANS: A HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL </b><b>STUDY </b>

Cited by 27 publications

References 6 publications

Endocrine Cells of the Gut

Endocrine Cells of the Gut

Architecture of the Pancreatic Islets and Endocrine Cell Arrangement in the Embryonic Pancreas of the Grass Snake (Natrix natrix L.). Immunocytochemical Studies and 3D Reconstructions

Use of the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase technique for differential staining of multiple cell types in the rat pancreatic islet

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