<b>Improved Epicentral Distance Estimations for Railway Earthquake Early Warning</b>

Abstract

Accurate, rapid estimation of epicentral distance, Δ, is essential for earthquake early warning systems. To improve Δ estimation, new methods to calculate the empirical relationship between the amplitude growth rate parameter, C, and Δ are investigated. Using orthogonal regression is most appropriate for application to EEW systems for Japanese high-speed trains. Evaluation using a K-NET dataset, of earthquake epicenters up to 200 km from the recording station, showed that the proposed method reduces maximum error from 546.2 km to 209.8 km. The percentage of correct estimations, defined as estimates within ±30% of the measured epicentral distance, is increased from 38.0% to 55.3%.

A Multisource Data Fusion Modeling Prediction Method for Operation Environment of High‐Speed Train

“…e parameter setting of each layer of BPNN includes: the number of neurons in the input layer is determined according to the dimension of the input signal, and the wind speed parameter is selected as the input in this paper. e number of neurons in the hidden layer is generally calculated by equation (8), and the network output error is finally determined through experiments until the minimum value.…”

“…erefore, people have done a lot of research on the safety performance of trains under harsh conditions [5][6][7][8].…”

<b>Applicability of Magnitude Determination Method Considering Time Dependence of P-Wave Growth to Railway Earthquake Early Warning System</b>

“…One of the essential functions in the Shinkansen system is that earthquake parameters, such as epicenter location and earthquake magnitude (M), are estimated at every single station (hereafter, single station algorithm) in order to issue a stop signal at the earliest opportunity [1]. To locate an epicenter, the system employs the C-Δ method that uses a correlation relationship between the initial slope of the P-wave acceleration data (C) and epicentral distance (Δ) [2,3]. The method has important advantages: the initial slope parameter C can be determined within 1 second of Pwave onset; and the correlation is found independently of M. This suggests that M can be estimated and even updated after locating the epicenter examining P-wave growth.…”