<b>Cd, Cu, and Mn from Uruguay River Basin in Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil, and their toxicological potential for human leukocyte

Abstract

This study assessed the limnology from the Medium Uruguay River Basin in Uruguaiana, Brazil, with a focus on the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, and Mn), to assess the toxicological potential (cytotoxicity and genotoxicity) for humans using as biological matrix of study human leukocyte cells. The conductivity, resistivity, and dissolved O 2 levels exceeded the limits recommended by the National Environmental Council (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente-CONAMA). The percentage of non-viable human leukocyte cells exposed to water samples was approximately 20% higher than that of the negative control (<3%), but similar to the positive control. The DNA damage index was high for all heavy metal concentrations assayed when compared to the negative control 12±2.96, p < 0.0001, with a range of 155.66±23.89 to 194.33±23.23, but similar to the positive control (210.62±27.48). Moreover, the leukocyte degeneration index was higher in all samples containing heavy metals than in the negative control (4%), which demonstrates to be due the presence of Cu (11.8-12.5%), Cd (13-15.6%), and Mn (15.6-22.5%). Taken together, our results show that the quality from water samples analyzed is below than recommended by CONAMA and offers risk of contamination by heavy metals for the general population.

First record of microplastics in two freshwater fish species (Iheringhthys labrosus and Astyanax lacustris) from the middle section of the Uruguay River, Brazil

“…(e.g. Costa et al, 2016;Soutullo et al, 2020). These contaminants can be adsorbed to plastics increasing their potential toxicity.…”

Exposição a contaminantes ambientais inorgânicos e danos à saúde humana

“…O poluente o design experimental o modelo experimental usado e a região geográfica de estudo e encontram-se discriminados na tabela 1. Os aspectos mais importantes para o estudo foram o tipo de poluente, sendo que os que mais encontrados foram: 7/18(Yang et al, 2018/ Garcia-Guinea et al, 2010/ Calao et al, 2013/ Ramírez et al, 2014/ Dobrakowski , 2015/ Bayhan T et al, 2017/ Dee et al, 2019) Chumbo (Pb); 6/18(Yang et al, 2018/ Calao et al, 2013/ Costa et al,2016/ Bayhan T et al, 2017/ Dee et al, 2019/ Huang et al, 2018; Cádmio (Cd); 6/18(Rahbar et al, 2014/ Garcia-Guinea et al, 2010/ Costa et al,2016/ Ghazala et al,2018/ Wiechu at al, 2012/ Dee et al, 2019…”

“…Yang et al, 2018/ Garcia-Guinea et al, 2010/ Costa et al,2016/ Bayhan T et al, 2017/ Dee et al, 2019 ;Cobre (Cu); 5/18(Garcia-Guinea et al, 2010/ Ghazala et al,2018/ Bayhan T et al, 2017/ Wiechu at al, 2012/ Dee et al, 2019 3/18(Calao et al, 2013/ Tahmasebi et al, 2017/ Baquerizo et al, 2018/ Li YF et al, 2012 Mercúrio (Hg), e os menosYang et al, (2018), realizaram mensuração de quantidade de ingestão diária de metais pesados associada ao consumo de vegetais dos habitantes. As concentrações de metais pesados em amostras de solo e vegetais foram detectadas por espectrometria de massa com plasma acoplado indutivamente.…”