&lt;b&gt;ARCHITECTURE AND MUSCLE FIBER TYPES OF LAMPREY &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;MYOTOME &lt;/b&gt;

Kimura, Tadanao; Watanabe, Toshiaki; Egawa, Kaoru; Takiguchi, Reiji

doi:10.2220/biomedres.16.21

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…1B) (Williams et al 1989). Unlike teleost fishes, lampreys have mixed red and white muscle in their axial musculature (Ter€ av€ ainen 1971; Kimura et al 1995), a condition more similar to tetrapods than more derived fishes. To integrate these results with what is known about swimming biomechanics, we need to understand the structure and mechanics of the lamprey's muscle and body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body stiffness and damping depend sensitively on the timing of muscle activation in lampreys

Tytell

Carr

Danos

et al. 2018

Integrative and Comparative Biology

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Unlike most manmade machines, animals move through their world using flexible bodies and appendages, which bend due to internal muscle and body forces, and also due to forces from the environment. Fishes in particular must cope with fluid dynamic forces that not only resist their overall swimming movements but also may have unsteady flow patterns, vortices, and turbulence, many of which occur more rapidly than what the nervous system can process. Has natural selection led to mechanical properties of fish bodies and their component tissues that can respond very quickly to environmental perturbations? Here, we focus on the mechanical properties of isolated muscle tissue and of the entire intact body in the silver lamprey, Ichthyomyzon unicuspis. We developed two modified work loop protocols to determine the effect of small perturbations on the whole body and on isolated segments of muscle as a function of muscle activation and phase within the swimming cycle. First, we examined how the mechanical properties of the whole lamprey body change depending on the timing of muscle activity. Relative to passive muscle, muscle activation can modulate the effective stiffness by about two-fold and modulate the effective damping by >10-fold depending on the activation phase. Next, we performed a standard work loop test on small sections of axial musculature while adding low-amplitude sinusoidal perturbations at specific frequencies. We modeled the data using a new system identification technique based on time-periodic system analysis and harmonic transfer functions (HTFs) and used the resulting models to predict muscle function under novel conditions. We found that the effective stiffness and damping of muscle varies during the swimming cycle, and that the timing of activation can alter both the magnitude and timing of peak stiffness and damping. Moreover, the response of the isolated muscle was highly nonlinear and length dependent, but the body's response was much more linear. We applied the resulting HTFs from our experiments to explore the effect of pairs of antagonistic muscles. The results suggest that when muscles work against each other as antagonists, the combined system has weaker nonlinearities than either muscle segment alone. Together, these results begin to provide an integrative understanding of how activation timing can tune the mechanical response properties of muscles, enabling fish to swim effectively in their complex and unpredictable environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body stiffness and damping depend sensitively on the timing of muscle activation in lampreys

Tytell

Carr

Danos

et al. 2018

Integrative and Comparative Biology

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“…Indeed, lamprey parietal muscles are classified as slow contracting fibers using assays showing the oxidative enzymes and myosin ATPase distribution and activity in L. japonica [ 49 ]. These results were also confirmed using Sudan black B (SBB) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) staining [ 50 ]. In contrast, central muscles show histochemical characteristics similar to fast contracting white muscle fibers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Unique Features of River Lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) Myogenesis

Migocka-Patrzałek

Kujawa

Podlasz

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The river lamprey (L. fluviatilis) is a representative of the ancestral jawless vertebrate group. We performed a histological analysis of trunk muscle fiber differentiation during embryonal, larval, and adult musculature development in this previously unstudied species. Investigation using light, transmission electron (TEM), and confocal microscopy revealed that embryonal and larval musculature differs from adult muscle mass. Here, we present the morphological analysis of L. fluviatilis myogenesis, from unsegmented mesoderm through somite formation, and their differentiation into multinucleated muscle lamellae. Our analysis also revealed the presence of myogenic factors LfPax3/7 and Myf5 in the dermomyotome. In the next stages of development, two types of muscle lamellae can be distinguished: central surrounded by parietal. This pattern is maintained until adulthood, when parietal muscle fibers surround the central muscles on both sides. The two types show different morphological characteristics. Although lampreys are phylogenetically distant from jawed vertebrates, somite morphology, especially dermomyotome function, shows similarity. Here we demonstrate that somitogenesis is a conservative process among all vertebrates. We conclude that river lamprey myogenesis shares features with both ancestral and higher vertebrates.

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