<b>Análise espacial da leishmaniose visceral canina no município de Panorama, São Paulo, Brasil</b>

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonosis of great importance for public health, having worldwide distribution and complex epidemiology. Despite several control strategies, the disease continues to expand, being dogs its main reservoir. Considering that spatial analysis is useful to better understand the disease dynamics, to evaluate risk factors and to complement prevention and control programs, this study aimed to characterize the distribution of canine visceral leishmaniasis and relate it to spatial features in Panorama, an endemic city of São Paulo State, Brazil. Using secondary data collected in a serological survey between August 2012 and January 2013, 986 dogs were classified as positive and negative for leishmaniasis. Later, a spatial analysis was conducted comprising from data visualization to the elaboration of a relative risk map, undergoing global (K function) and local cluster analysis (spatial scan). To evaluate a possible relation between the detected cluster and vegetation in the study area, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated. The prevalence in the studied dog population was 20.3% (200/986). Spatial visualization showed that both positive and negative animals were distributed throughout the study area. Intensity map of positive animals showed two sites of possible clusters compared to the intensity map of negative animals. A cluster was detected in a central region of the city, with a relative risk of 2.63 (p=0,01). The spatial variation of the relative risk in the study area was mapped and the same region was identified as a significant high risk area (p<0.05). No differences were observed in the vegetation pattern comparing the cluster internal and external areas. Therefore, further studies should be conducted in order to understand other risk factors that may have led to the occurrence of the described cluster. The prevalence data, the cluster location and the relative risk map provide subsidies for the efforts of the city epidemiological surveillance department towards high risk areas. This can save resources and improve control of visceral leishmaniasis in the study area.

Proposta metodológica para análise da qualidade ambiental e de vida urbana na cidade de Marabá/PA: a bacia hidrográfica da Grota Criminosa

“…realizou análise espacial e temporal dos casos da leishmaniose visceral canina em Presidente Prudente/SP, e também seus condicionantes, identificando o seu comportamento no município no período de 2010 a 2013 Lucca (2015). realizou a análise crítica e o diagnostico diferencial da leishmaniose visceral canina no município de Espírito Santo do Pinhal, 2010 a 2014 Brandão (2016). realizou análise espacial da leishmaniose visceral canina no município de Panorama, São Paulo, no período de agosto de 2012 e janeiro de 2013, identificando as áreas de riscos no perímetro urbano da cidade.Fernandes(2012)analisou o papel dos fatores socioeconômicos e ambientais relacionados à ocupação urbana na ocorrência de infecção por Leishmania chagasi em cães em Teresina/PI, no ano de 2007, utilizando o sistema de informação geográfico e o sensoriamento remoto.…”