&lt;Article&gt; Ground Beds of Chimpanzees in the Kalinzu Forest, Uganda

Furuichi, Takeshi; Hashimoto, Chie

doi:10.5134/143552

Cited by 19 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…for western lowland gorillas, Gorilla gorilla gorilla , from 7.36% of the time in Petit Loango, Gabon [Furuichi et al, 1997], to 96.2% in La Belgique, Dja Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon . However, bonobos have been observed to ground-nest [Kano, 1983] and chimpanzee ground night nests have increasingly been found to occur in many chimpanzee study sites from east to west [Furuichi and Hashimoto, 2000;Maughan and Stanford, 2001;Koops et al, 2007;Abwe and Morgan, 2008;Pruetz et al, 2008;Hicks, 2010;Last and Muh, 2013], providing evidence of more flexible nesting patterns than previously assumed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Chimpanzees may be forced to ground-nest on steep slopes as they are not good terrain for nesting trees [Matsuzawa and Yamakoshi, 1996]; however, Koops et al [2007] found no overall correlation with slope or altitude and occurrence of ground nests. Additionally, other studies have failed to find support that ground nesting results from a lack of suitable nesting trees [Furuichi and Hashimoto, 2000;Koops et al, 2007;Pruetz et al, 2008;Last and Muh, 2013]. In La Belgique swamps, the 5 abundant Uapaca spp.…”

Section: Factors That Promote Ground Nestingmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…By contrast, ground night nests are of a sophisticated and elaborate construction, made from bent and broken branches, ferns, saplings and other materials [Horn, 1980;Matsusawa and Yamakoshi, 1996;Furuichi and Hashimoto, 2000;Hicks, 2010]. Early observations of chimpanzee ground night nesting were attributed to sickness of the individuals preventing them from ascending trees (e.g.…”

Section: Chimpanzee Ground Nestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Predator Release It is commonly accepted that chimpanzee ground nesting becomes possible with predator rarity or absence [Furuichi and Hashimoto, 2000;Maughan and Stanford, 2001;Koops et al, 2007;Pruetz et al, 2008;Last and Muh, 2013], supporting the as- [Samson and Hunt, 2012]. At Assirik, Senegal, the abundance of leopards appeared to cause chimpanzees to nest higher in trees [Baldwin et al, 1981].…”

Section: Factors That Enable Ground Nestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ground Night Nesting in Chimpanzees: New Insights from Central Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in South-East Cameroon

Tagg¹,

Willie²,

Petre³

et al. 2013

IJFP

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Some chimpanzee populations exhibit ground night nesting, which occurs in different habitat types, is driven by a variety of interconnected factors, and may reflect cultural or social differences. This has important implications for ape conservation management, given that accurate nest builder identification is required to estimate density, crucial in monitoring, and allows inferences about environmental and social factors that may have contributed to the transition from tree to ground sleeping in early hominins. We conducted a 24-month marked nest count survey in La Belgique, Cameroon, and recorded the occurrence of chimpanzee tree and ground night nests, temperature and rainfall, predator and large mammal abundance, human activities, nesting tree species, and Uapaca spp. consumption. Ground night nesting occurred at a rate of 3.47% (n = 1,008), with more in swamps, in the dry season and with increasing human activities. We found no influence of leopard/elephant presence, but a possible influence of lack of nesting trees. We suggest chimpanzees visit swamps in the dry season (low water levels) for relief from hunting pressure and to consume Uapaca spp. fruits. Ground nesting may be enabled due to high abundance of terrestrial herbaceous vegetation, and may be favoured for inconspicuousness and safety from gun hunters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Factors That Promote Ground Nestingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Chimpanzee Ground Nestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors That Enable Ground Nestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ground Night Nesting in Chimpanzees: New Insights from Central Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in South-East Cameroon

Tagg¹,

Willie²,

Petre³

et al. 2013

IJFP

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show abstract

“…A few instances of chimpanzees sleeping on the ground at night have been observed at Gombe, Tanzania [Goodall, 1968] and Kanyawara, Uganda (Llorente, personal communication), but all of these occurrences involved sick individuals that were too frail to construct an arboreal nest. In the Kalinzu Forest, Uganda [Furuichi & Hashimoto, 2000], and Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda [Maughan & Stanford, 2001], only a few nests (about 5%) are sited on the ground. Some of these may be night nests, but their status has yet to be established via direct observation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground‐nesting by the chimpanzees of the Nimba Mountains, Guinea: environmentally or socially determined?

Koops

Humle

Sterck

et al. 2006

American J Primatol

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The chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) of the Nimba Mountains, Guinea, West Africa, commonly make both elaborate ("night") and simple ("day") nests on the ground. In this study we investigated which factors might influence ground-nesting in this population, and tested two ecological hypotheses: 1) climatic conditions, such as high wind speeds at high altitudes, may deter chimpanzees from nesting in trees; and 2) a lack of appropriate arboreal nesting opportunities may drive the chimpanzees to nest on the ground. In addition to testing these two hypotheses, we explored whether ground-nesting is a sex-linked behavior. Data were collected monthly between August 2003 and May 2004 along transects and ad libitum. To identify the sex of ground-nesting individuals, we used DNA extracted from hair samples. The results showed that the occurrence and distribution of ground nests were not affected by climatic conditions or a lack of appropriate nest trees. Support was found for the notion that ground-nesting is a sex-linked behavior, as males were responsible for building all of the elaborate ground nests and most of the simple ground nests sampled. Elaborate ground nests occurred mostly in nest groups associated with tree nests, whereas simple ground nests usually occurred without tree nests in their vicinity. These results suggest that ground-nesting may be socially, rather than ecologically, determined.

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Arboreal nesting as anti‐predator adaptation by savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in southeastern Senegal

Pruetz

Fulton

Marchant

et al. 2008

American J Primatol

136

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Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) make nests for resting and sleeping, which is unusual for anthropoid primates but common to all great apes. Arboreal nesting has been linked to predation pressure, but few studies have tested the adaptive nature of this behavior. We collected data at two chimpanzee study sites in southeastern Senegal that differed in predator presence to test the hypothesis that elevated sleeping platforms are adaptations for predator defense. At Assirik in the Parc National du Niokolo-Koba, chimpanzees face four species of large carnivore, whereas at Fongoli, outside national park boundaries, humans have exterminated almost all natural predators. We quantified the availability of vegetation at the two sites to test the alternative hypothesis that differences in nesting reflect differences in habitat structure. We also examined possible sex differences in nesting behavior, community demographic differences, seasonality and nest age differences as variables also potentially affecting nest characteristics and nesting behavior between the two sites. Chimpanzees at Fongoli nested at lower heights and farther apart than did chimpanzees at Assirik and sometimes made nests on the ground. The absence of predators outside of the national park may account for the differences in nest characteristics at the two sites, given the similarities in habitat structure between Fongoli and Assirik. However, Fongoli chimpanzees regularly build arboreal nests for sleeping, even under minimal predation pressure, and this requires explanation.

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<Article> Ground Beds of Chimpanzees in the Kalinzu Forest, Uganda

Cited by 19 publications

References 3 publications

Ground Night Nesting in Chimpanzees: New Insights from Central Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in South-East Cameroon

Ground Night Nesting in Chimpanzees: New Insights from Central Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in South-East Cameroon

Ground‐nesting by the chimpanzees of the Nimba Mountains, Guinea: environmentally or socially determined?

Arboreal nesting as anti‐predator adaptation by savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in southeastern Senegal

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