“…The application of machine learning techniques, including regression models, SVMs and random forests, has been used to analyze historical data and identify patterns or indicators that can signal price movements of cryptocurrencies (Jaquart et al, 2022;Smales, 2022). Additionally, deep learning methods, particularly recurrent neural networks, convolutional SEF 41,2 neural networks (CNNs) and LSTM networks, have gained popularity because of their ability to capture temporal dependencies in sequential data (Lahmiri and Bekiros, 2019;Alonso-Monsalve et al, 2020;Zhong et al, 2023;Oyedele et al, 2023). However, deep learning methods might be limited by the non-stationarity potentially exhibited by cryptocurrency markets, possible overfitting and substantially higher computational requirements.…”