LSD1 is an environmental stress-sensitive negative modulator of the glutamatergic synapse

Comparative 2D and 3D Ultrastructural Analyses of Dendritic Spines from CA1 Pyramidal Neurons in the Mouse Hippocampus

“…The second aspect we considered here, is the asymmetric excitatory synapse density that we measured on TEM sections with stereology and by counting spine heads and PSDs in 3D reconstructed volumes. Interestingly the two independent approaches yield comparable results and is consistent with what we have previously reported in [ 48 ], where the use of both methods enabled us to evaluate and compare asymmetric synapse density in the hippocampus of mice with two different genotypes. Hence the use of TEM bi-dimensional images in the study of spine density in different experimental conditions (such as animal species, brain areas, developmental stages, genotypes or disease models) leads to a great saving of time without affecting the quality of the result.…”

“…Undoubtedly, if this aspect has to be addressed the use of a 3D reconstruction of the spine head becomes the preferential form of analysis [ 45 ]. Conversely, the high resolution 2D TEM micrographs of spine heads are extremely useful to measure PSD length and thickness [ 46 , 47 , 48 ], and curvature [ 16 ].…”

“…These mouse brain samples have previously been processed and used for other purposes and the results published in prior studies. All the experimental procedures followed the guidelines established by the Italian Council on Animal Care and were approved by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) and Italian Ministry of Health (approval numbers 27/2010, 747/2015-PR, 275/2015 and 322/2018) as reported in previous publications [ 47 , 48 , 56 ]. All efforts were made to minimize the number of subjects used and their suffering.…”

“…All efforts were made to minimize the number of subjects used and their suffering. Thin sections for TEM and SBF-SEM volumetric data-sets were consistently obtained from regions of the stratum radiatum parallel to the proximal apical dendritic field at a distance of 120–150 μm from the soma of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons of adult (P60-P90) C57/Bl6 mice whose brains were processed as described earlier [ 47 , 48 , 56 ]. Briefly, after intracardial perfusion of deeply anaesthetized mice (by intraperitoneal injection of 4–5% chloral hydrate) with paraformaldehyde (2–4%) + glutaraldehyde (1–2.5%) containing fixatives, brains were dissected and coronal vibratome (Leica VT 1000S, Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) sections (100–200 μm) were obtained.…”

Evolution of Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 and REST Corepressor Gene Families and Their Molecular Interaction

“…NeuroLSD1-KO mice display less anxiety in various behavioral tests (Rusconi et al 2016), a diminished response to epileptogenic stimuli (Rusconi et al 2016), and defects in spatial learning and memory (Wang et al 2015;Longaretti et al 2020). When discovered, neuroLSD1 was described as a mammalian-specific protein (Zibetti et al 2010), although the same microexon was later identified in turtles (Wang et al 2015), and an 8a-like exon was also described in zebrafish (Tamaoki et al 2020).…”