LPS induces interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 but not tumor necrosis factor-α in human adipocytes

Hoch, Matthias; Eberlé, Alex N.; Peterli, Ralph; Peters, Thomas; Seboek, Dalma; Keller, Ulrich; Müller, Beat; Linscheid, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2007.10.008

Cited by 64 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In agreement with previous reports [Chung et al, 2006;Hoch et al, 2008] the present work with human differentiated adipocytes demonstrated that substantial amounts of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were induced by LPS. We found that LPStreated adipocytes caused a marked induction of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and GRO secretion in omental adipocytes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Study of the proinflammatory role of human differentiated omental adipocytes

Bassols

Ortega

Moreno-Navarrete

et al. 2009

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages into adipose tissue has been associated with tissue and systemic inflammation. It has been suggested that macrophage infiltration affects fat expansion through a paracrine action on adipocyte differentiation. Our working hypothesis is that factors released by monocytes/macrophages may also affect mature adipocyte biology. Human differentiated omental adipocytes were incubated with LPS and conditioned media obtained from human macrophage-like cell line THP-1, previously activated or not with LPS. We show that LPS greatly increased the secretion levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines including IL-6, IL-8, GRO, and MCP-1. Macrophage-conditioned medium also upregulated IL-6, IL-8, GRO, and MCP-1 mRNA expression and protein levels and led to the novo secretion of ICAM-1, IL-1 beta, IP-10, MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, VEGF, and TNFalpha. Human differentiated adipocytes treated by macrophage-conditioned medium displayed marked reduction of adipocyte function as assessed by decreased phosphorylation levels of ERK1, ERK2, and p38 alpha and reduced gene expression of lipogenic markers including PPAR-gamma and fatty acid synthase. These data show that macrophage-secreted factors not only inhibit the formation of mature adipocytes but alter their function, suggesting that human differentiated omental adipocytes might also contribute to systemic chronic low-grade inflammation associated with human obesity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Study of the proinflammatory role of human differentiated omental adipocytes

Bassols

Ortega

Moreno-Navarrete

et al. 2009

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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“…Low-grade inflammation is controlled by a balance between pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A few studies reported that IL-6 and IL-8 levels increased in obese individuals and individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus [42,43]. In accordance with previous studies, this study also found that the levels of IL-6 in the obese mice fed the high-fat diet were significantly higher than those in the mice fed the high-CHO diet.…”

Section: )supporting

confidence: 82%

Shifts in Diet from High Fat to High Carbohydrate Improved Levels of Adipokines and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Mice Fed a High-fat Diet

2010

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Abstract. High-fat diets induce an expansion of the adipose tissue (aT) that can be characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation. AT is an important source of adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a shift from a high-fat diet to high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet on the blood levels of adipokines and pro-inflammation cytokines in mice fed a high-fat diet. Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (40% of the total calories) for 9 weeks to induce obesity, and then the diet was shifted to a high CHO diet (70% of the total calories) for 3 weeks. Body weight and organ weight as well as blood lipid levels were measured. The serum levels of adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. Shifting the diet from high fat to high CHO decreased significantly body weight, adipose tissues, and liver weight (p < 0.05). The lipid blood levels (TG, Total-chol, and LDLchol) decreased. The leptin and resistin blood levels significantly decreased after the diet was shifted to a high-CHO diet (p < 0.05); however, the adiponectin concentrations did not change. The IL-6 levels were also significantly decreased by the high-CHo diet (p < 0.05). The IL-13 serum levels were significantly increased by the high-CHO diet (p < 0.05). Further, the serum levels of the TNF-α and supernatant IL-1β concentrations in mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet were significantly increased after the mice were shifted to a high-fat diet. On the other hand, the serum IL-4 and supernatant levels did not change. Conclusively, reduction of body weight and adipose tissues through shifts from a high-fat diet to a high-carbohydrate diet effectively improved low-grade inflammation states in mice fed a high-fat diet. Particularly, the reduction of body weight was associated with the levels of leptin, resistin, and IL-6.

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“…Secretion of IL-6 after LPS stimulation was previously observed in synovial fibroblasts (34,51,52), in endothelial cells (34,51) and peritoneal macrophages (43,44,53). Adipocytes were also shown to express and release IL-6 (40,47,48). Thus, all four main cell types could contribute to the markedly increased expression of IL-6 at the mRNA and protein levels after LPS stimulation (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Previous studies have shown that macrophages express TNF mRNA (43) and that LPS augments their TNF expression at both the mRNA and protein levels (44,45). Secretion of TNF by adipose tissue has also been described (37,46,47), but it presumably had originated from macrophages residing within the tissue (48). Thus, most, if not all of the TNF released from the synovial membrane is likely produced by macrophages, since T cells in normal rat synovial membrane occur in insignificant number (49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of LPS, TNF, TGF-ï¿½1 and IL-4 on the expression of MMPs, TIMPs and selected cytokines in rat synovial membranes incubated in vitro

Hyc

Osiecka-Iwan²,

Niderla-Bielińska

et al. 2010

Int J Mol Med

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Abstract. Synovial membranes are formed by four main types of cells, i.e. fibroblasts, macrophages, epitheliocytes and adipocytes. To study the combined effect of various factors on these cell populations, synovial membranes dissected from rat knee joints were incubated in control medium or medium with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TNF, TGF-ß1 or IL-4 for 12 h. LPS stimulated TNF secretion and both agents stimulated secretion of IL-6. TGF-ß1 slightly increased IL-6 secretion. LPS increased the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1ß, TGF-ß1, MMP1a, MMP1b, MMP3, MMP9, MMP13, MMP14, TIMP1 and TIMP3 while the mRNA levels of MMP2, TIMP2 and TIMP4 were significantly decreased. Expression of IL-1ß, MMP1a, MMP1b, MMP3, MMP9, MMP13 and TIMP1 increased after TNF treatment, while mRNA levels of MMP2, MMP14, TIMP2, TIMP3 and TIMP4 were decreased. TGF-ß1 decreased the mRNA levels of IL-1ß, all MMPs, TIMP1, TIMP2, TIMP4 and increased mRNA levels of itself and TIMP3. IL-4 decreased mRNA levels of IL-1ß, TGF-ß1, MMP2, MMP9, MMP13 and all TIMPs. Only LPS decreased the amount and activity of MMP2. The effect of LPS and cytokines on most of the MMPs and TIMPs produced by whole synovial membrane was in good agreement with previous studies on their action on similar types of cells as those present in synovial membranes, but originating from other tissues. All tested agents decreased MMP2 mRNA expression levels and in the case of LPS also the protein level and its activity determined by zymography, contrary to previous observations on isolated cell populations. This indicates that the response of the organized tissue is an interplay of all components and cannot be deduced from the individual reactions.

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LPS induces interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 but not tumor necrosis factor-α in human adipocytes

Cited by 64 publications

References 61 publications

Study of the proinflammatory role of human differentiated omental adipocytes

Study of the proinflammatory role of human differentiated omental adipocytes

Shifts in Diet from High Fat to High Carbohydrate Improved Levels of Adipokines and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Mice Fed a High-fat Diet

Influence of LPS, TNF, TGF-ï¿½1 and IL-4 on the expression of MMPs, TIMPs and selected cytokines in rat synovial membranes incubated in vitro

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