Lowfat, a mammalian Lix1 homologue, regulates leg size and growth under the Dachsous/Fat signaling pathway during tissue regeneration†

Bando, Toshikazu; Hamada, Yoshimasa; Kurita, Kazuki; Nakamura, Taro; Mito, Taro; Ohuchi, Hideyo; Noji, Sumihare

doi:10.1002/dvdy.22647

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The expression of apoptotic genes, MMPs, piwi and AGO3 was upregulated in RLs (supplementary material Table S2), similar to regeneration in other organisms (Chera et al, 2011;Li et al, 2011;Maki et al, 2010;Reddien et al, 2005 Table S4) and JAK/STAT (Table 1) were also upregulated in RLs (Agata and Inoue, 2012;Bando et al, 2011a;Bando et al, 2009;Bando et al, 2011b;Nakamura et al, 2008a;Nakamura et al, 2008b). Supplementary material Tables S5 and S6 list transcription and epigenetic factors, respectively, that were upregulated in RLs, which could be key factors for cell fate determination and reprogramming (Maki et al, 2010;McClure and Schubiger, 2008;Meissner, 2010;Onder et al, 2012;Rao et al, 2009;Repiso et al, 2011;Stewart et al, 2009).…”

Section: Validation Of Transcriptome Analysismentioning

confidence: 54%

“…We attempted to detect proliferating cells using EdU, but we could not remove cuticles without damaging the regenerating Gb'Stat RNAi legs, as these were more fragile than control legs. EdU is incorporated into S-phase cells, when cyclin E is specifically expressed, so we determined the ratio of proliferating cells by Gb'cyclinE expression using q-PCR as an alternative (Bando et al, 2011a). The relative ratio of Gb'cyclinE mRNA in the blastemas at 5 dpa was decreased in Gb'Stat RNAi nymphs (56±5%, n=6, P<0.01; Fig.…”

Section: Research Reportmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…q-PCR experiments were repeated twice for confirmation. The total number of nymphs used to extract RNA is indicated by n. The housekeeping gene Gryllus β-actin was used as an internal control (Bando et al, 2011a;Bando et al, 2009). …”

Section: Quantitative Pcr (Q-pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of RNA-Seq data reveals involvement of JAK/STAT signalling during leg regeneration in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

et al. 2013

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In the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, missing distal parts of the amputated leg are regenerated from the blastema, a population of dedifferentiated proliferating cells that forms at the distal tip of the leg stump. To identify molecules involved in blastema formation, comparative transcriptome analysis was performed between regenerating and normal unamputated legs. Components of JAK/STAT signalling were upregulated more than twofold in regenerating legs. To verify their involvement, Gryllus homologues of the interleukin receptor Domeless (Gb’dome), the Janus kinase Hopscotch (Gb’hop) and the transcription factor STAT (Gb’Stat) were cloned, and RNAi was performed against these genes. Gb’domeRNAi, Gb’hopRNAi and Gb’StatRNAi crickets showed defects in leg regeneration. Blastema expression of Gb’cyclinE was decreased in the Gb’StatRNAi cricket compared with that in the control. Hyperproliferation of blastema cells caused by Gb’fatRNAi or Gb’wartsRNAi was suppressed by RNAi against Gb’Stat. The results suggest that JAK/STAT signalling regulates blastema cell proliferation during leg regeneration.

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Section: Validation Of Transcriptome Analysismentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Research Reportmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Analysis of RNA-Seq data reveals involvement of JAK/STAT signalling during leg regeneration in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

et al. 2013

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“…Systemic RNAi against Gb'Egfr has been reported to cause defects in Ta3 and claw reconstruction during regeneration (Nakamura et al, 2008b). In Drosophila, Utx genetically interacts with Notch to regulate cell proliferation (Herz et al, 2010), and in Gryllus systemic RNAi against Gb'Notch causes the formation of a short regenerated tarsus with no leg joint formation (Bando et al, 2011). Differences between the Gb'Utx RNAi and Gb'Egfr RNAi or Gb'Notch RNAi phenotypes indicate that Gb'Utx regulates Gb'Egfr expression in the middle region of the tarsus and that Gb'Utx may not interact with Gb'Notch during regeneration nor with Gb'Egfr in the other regions.…”

Section: Gb'utx Promotes Joint Formation Via Histone H3k27me3 During mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The regenerating legs were refixed in 4% PFA/PBT. Whole-mount in situ hybridisation of regenerating legs was conducted as previously described (Bando et al, 2009(Bando et al, , 2011. Antisense and sense probes were labelled with digoxigenin.…”

Section: Whole-mount In Situ Hybridisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regenerated leg segment patterns are regulated epigenetically by histone H3K27 methylation in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

et al. 2015

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Hemimetabolous insects such as the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus regenerate lost tissue parts using blastemal cells, which is a population of dedifferentiated-proliferating cells. The gene expression of several epigenetic factors is upregulated in the blastema compared with the expression in differentiated tissue, suggesting that epigenetic changes in gene expression may control the differentiation status of blastema cells during regeneration. To clarify the molecular basis of epigenetic regulation during regeneration, we focused on the function of the Gryllus Enhancer of zeste (Gb’E(z)) and Ubiquitously-transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat gene on the X chromosome (Gb’Utx) homologues that regulate the methylation and demethylation on histone H3 27th lysine residue (H3K27), respectively. Methylated histone H3K27 in the regenerating leg was diminished by Gb’E(z)RNAi and was increased by Gb’UtxRNAi. Regenerated Gb’E(z)RNAi cricket legs exhibited extra leg segment formation between the tibia and tarsus, and regenerated Gb’UtxRNAi cricket legs showed leg joint formation defects in the tarsus. In the Gb’E(z)RNAi-regenerating leg, the Gb’dac expression domain expanded in the tarsus. In contrast, in the Gb’UtxRNAi-regenerating leg, Gb’Egfr expression in the middle of the tarsus was diminished. These results suggest that regulation of the histone H3K27 methylation state is involved in the repatterning process during leg regeneration among cricket species via the epigenetic regulation of leg patterning gene expression.

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Regeneration in Crustaceans and Insects

Khan

Schuster

Smith-Bolton

2016

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Many animal species have the capability to regenerate lost body parts. How regeneration takes place and why animals have varying potentials for regeneration remain active questions for biologists. The field of regenerative biology has witnessed unprecedented advances in the last several years owing to the availability of molecular and genomics tools and the establishment of many animal models. Regeneration research in arthropods has a long history, with extensive insights achieved from using model organisms from the taxa Crustacea and Insecta. Studies in animals ranging from fiddler crabs to crickets have revealed much about the different stages of regeneration, such as wound healing, blastema formation, growth, proliferation and patterning, as well as how hormonal control and systemic signalling impact regenerative capacity. The molecular and genetic insights achieved from studying these simpler model organisms have the potential to impact the field of regenerative biology by identifying conserved mechanisms of regeneration. Key Concepts Regeneration studies use the fiddler crab, crayfish, sand hopper, red flour beetle, fruit fly, cockroach, cricket and silverfish. For amputated limbs, wounds heal by a combination of rapid closure of the wound with a scab or autotomy membrane, and migration of cells into the wound. Imaginal disc wound closure involves cytoskeletal‐driven cell shape changes and zippering together of the epithelium, without cell migration. A regeneration blastema, or zone of proliferating cells, forms after both external limb amputation and imaginal disc damage. Growth of the blastema requires similar signals in multiple model organisms, including growth factor signalling in response to FGFs and EGFR activity, Wg/WNT signalling and Hippo signalling. Many developmental patterning genes are also required for patterning during regeneration. However, knockdown of these patterning genes revealed additional roles in regeneration beyond those observed during normal development. Some plasticity in cell fate enables replacement of lost cell types. Signals at the wound can alter pattern and cell fate, generating ectopic eye spots in butterflies and requiring the activity of a protective factor that stabilises cell fate gene expression during regeneration in fruit flies. Hormonal signalling, which controls moulting and metamorphosis, limits regenerative capacity. In some model organisms, tissue damage can influence hormone production and the timing of moults and metamorphosis.

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Lowfat, a mammalian Lix1 homologue, regulates leg size and growth under the Dachsous/Fat signaling pathway during tissue regeneration†

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Analysis of RNA-Seq data reveals involvement of JAK/STAT signalling during leg regeneration in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Analysis of RNA-Seq data reveals involvement of JAK/STAT signalling during leg regeneration in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Regenerated leg segment patterns are regulated epigenetically by histone H3K27 methylation in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Regeneration in Crustaceans and Insects

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