Lowering the Viscosity with the Aid of Hemodilution

Goslinga, H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69260-4_4

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Unfortunately, there are no data that allow us to relate particular shear rates with blood flow in particular blood vessels (e.g., capillaries, arteries, venules, large veins) in infant rats under varying conditions. Regardless, the present experiment makes it clear that decreasing temperature has a dramatic impact on blood viscosity, a finding that has important consequences for blood flow on the venous side of the circulation because of its marked sensitivity to blood viscosity (Goslinga, 1984).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Another major factor that influences venous return is resistance in the peripheral circulation, and one of the major factors influencing this resistance is blood viscosity (Goslinga, 1984). This factor is particularly relevant for this discussion because blood temperature is a major determinant of its viscosity (Guard & Murrish, 1975; Maclean, 1981): As temperature decreases, viscosity increases, and venous return is compromised.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, these increases in viscosity are nonlinear, especially at the lower shear rates. A nonlinear increase in viscosity at the lower shear rates is particularly significant because lower shear rates are associated with venous flow and higher shear rates are associated with arterial flow (Goslinga, 1984; Graham & Fletcher, 1983), thus suggesting that extreme cold exposure has a disproportionate impact on venous flow and, therefore, venous return. Unfortunately, there are no data that allow us to relate particular shear rates with blood flow in particular blood vessels (e.g., capillaries, arteries, venules, large veins) in infant rats under varying conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiovascular concomitants in ultrasound production during cold exposure in infant rats.

Blumberg¹,

Sokoloff²,

Kent³

1999

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Two experiments explored the cardiovascular consequences of extreme cold exposure and their relationship with ultrasound production in infant rats. Experiment 1 addressed the thermoregulatory and cardiovascular concomitants of ultrasound production during cold exposure in rats pretreated with saline or the ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine (5 mg/kg). For both groups, emission of ultrasound was associated with hypothermia and bradycardia. Experiment 2 explored whether the hypothermia experienced by pups in Experiment 1 is associated with increased blood viscosity, which is an important factor affecting venous return to the heart. Blood viscosity increased significantly as temperature decreased from 38 degrees C to 22 degrees C. These experiments suggest that, during extreme cold exposure, decreased cardiac output and increased blood viscosity combine to diminish venous return. The authors have hypothesized that pups respond to decreased return by recruiting the abdominal compression reaction, a physiological maneuver that propels blood back to the heart, resulting in emission of ultrasound as an acoustic by-product.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cardiovascular concomitants in ultrasound production during cold exposure in infant rats.

Blumberg¹,

Sokoloff²,

Kent³

1999

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…An additional factor working against the infant rat during extreme cold exposure is increased blood viscosity. Blood viscosity is a major determinant of venous return to the heart (Goslinga, 1984). As infant rats become hypothermic, blood temperature also decreases, and because blood viscosity is inversely proportional to temperature, hypothermia results in increased blood viscosity (Blumberg et al, 1999).…”

Section: Infant Rat Ultrasound Production: Toward a New Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Do infant rats cry?

Blumberg¹,

Sokoloff²

2001

Psychological Review

132

128

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In the current revival of interest in the emotional and mental lives of animals, many investigators have focused attention on mammalian infants that emit distress vocalizations when separated from the home environment. Perhaps the most intensively studied distress vocalization is the ultrasonic vocalization of infant rats. Since its discovery, this vocalization has been interpreted both as a communicatory signal for the elicitation of maternal retrieval and as the manifestation of emotional distress. In contrast, the authors examined the cardiovascular causes and consequences of the vocalization, and on the basis of this work, they hypothesized that the vocalization is the acoustic by-product of the abdominal compression reaction (ACR), a maneuver that results in increased venous return to the heart. Therefore, the vocalization may be analogous to a sneeze, serving a physiological function while incidentally producing sound.

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“…One report (Zucali et al 1979) did show that plasma erythropoietin concentrations increased immediately after a plasma haemodilution to a haematocrit of IS%, which would indicate that hypoxia was present. The oxygen transport capacity of blood reaches a maximum when the haematocrit is 30 and is 90% of control values at a haematocrit of 20 (Goslinga 1984); these two haematocrits are equivalent to the animals 25 and 50% haemodiluted in the present study. Hepatic extraction of oxygen also increases in haemodiluted states (Lutz et a1 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

The Effect of Varying Percentages of Haemodilution with Fluosol-DA or Normal Saline on Antipyrine Metabolism in the Rat

Shrewsbury

Oliver

Anderson

et al. 1988

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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Antipyrine disposition and metabolism in conscious, unrestrained rats after 25 or 50% haemodilution with Fluosol or normal (0.9% NaCl) saline is reported. Rats received an intravenous antipyrine dose (20 mg kg-1) 0.5, 24, 48, or 72 h after haemodilution and its pharmacokinetic parameters have been compared with non-exchanged control animals. Haemodilution 25% with Fluosol initially depressed antipyrine metabolism for 24 h by decreasing the antipyrine urinary excretion rate constant and the formation rate constants of 4-hydroxyantipyrine (4-OH) and 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine (3-OHME). Metabolism was then increased for 48 and 72 h with a slight increase in all rate constants. Haemodilution 50% with Fluosol produced a similar pattern but with significant increases in the 3-OHME formation rate constant found at 48 and 72 h. Haemodilution 25% with saline reduced 4-OH formation for 48 h. Haemodilution 50% with saline significantly reduced antipyrine urinary excretion at all times. After a significant increase in the 4-OH and 3-OHME formation rate constants at 24 h following 50% haemodilution with saline, the rate constants were significantly decreased at 48 and 72 h. Haemodilution 25% with Flusol significantly reduced the antipyrine Vd at 0.5 and 72 h. After haemodilution 50% with Fluosol, the Vd alternated between values greater and less than control throughout the 72 h. Haemodilution 25 or 50% with saline had little influence on Vd.

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Lowering the Viscosity with the Aid of Hemodilution

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Cardiovascular concomitants in ultrasound production during cold exposure in infant rats.

Cardiovascular concomitants in ultrasound production during cold exposure in infant rats.

Do infant rats cry?

The Effect of Varying Percentages of Haemodilution with Fluosol-DA or Normal Saline on Antipyrine Metabolism in the Rat

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