Lower skin capillary density, normal endothelial function and higher blood pressure in children born preterm

Bonamy, Anna Karin Edstedt; Martin, Helena; Jörneskog, Gun; Norman, Mikael

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01868.x

Cited by 107 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Importantly, recent studies demonstrate that factors such as these can also influence the long-term vascular phenotype in subjects born preterm (8). Together with the present study, these studies highlight the vulnerability of the cardiovascular system of preterm infants and suggest a cumulative cardiovascular risk depending on the causes of preterm birth.…”

Section: Articles Preterm Birth and The Arterial Wallsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…In another study, aortic narrowing was reported in adolescents who were born preterm (7). Arterial narrowing is likely to be detrimental in the long term and may contribute to the now well-described elevation in arterial pressure in subjects born preterm (2)(3)(4)(5)8,9,31).…”

Section: Aortic Structure and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of advances in neonatal care, most preterm infants survive infancy, even those born as early as 23 wk (1). Epidemiological studies have linked preterm birth to hypertension and vascular abnormalities in children and young adults (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9); the risk is increased with decreasing gestational age at birth, suggestive of causality (2,3,6). For example, one study found a 0.31 mm Hg increase in adult blood pressure for every week of prematurity (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preterm birth with antenatal corticosteroid administration has injurious and persistent effects on the structure and composition of the aorta and pulmonary artery

et al. 2011

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INTRODUCTION:Preterm birth affects 8-12% of live births and is associated with the development of elevated arterial blood pressure and aortic narrowing in later life; this suggests that preterm birth may alter the development of arteries. Our objective was to determine the effects of preterm birth, accompanied by antenatal corticosteroid administration, on the structure of the aorta and pulmonary artery, which experience different alterations in pressure flow at birth. RESULTS: at 11 wk, preterm lambs had significantly thicker aortic walls and a smaller lumen, whereas the morphometry of the pulmonary artery was unaffected. elastin deposition was markedly increased in the aorta and pulmonary artery and smooth muscle content was reduced in the aorta only. In preterm lambs we found injury in the aorta only; controls were unaffected. DISCUSSION: We conclude that moderate preterm birth after antenatal betamethasone can cause injury and persistent alterations in the structure and composition of the aorta, with lesser effects in the pulmonary artery. Our findings suggest that preterm birth may increase the risk of atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysms in later life. METHODS:Using an established ovine model of preterm birth, lambs were born at 0.9 of gestation and underwent necropsy at 11 wk after birth; controls were born at term.

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Section: Articles Preterm Birth and The Arterial Wallsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Aortic Structure and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preterm birth with antenatal corticosteroid administration has injurious and persistent effects on the structure and composition of the aorta and pulmonary artery

et al. 2011

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“…These findings suggest that ECFC may play a role in the maintenance of microvasculature and potentially stimulate angiogenesis postnatally. Interestingly, microvasculature rarefaction, considered as an important element in the pathogenesis of increased peripheral resistance and hypertension, was previously reported in young adults born prematurely 3, 4. This phenomenon was more marked among those with higher blood pressure and an enhanced antiangiogenic state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Mounting evidence supports the adverse effect of preterm birth, and more so very preterm birth (<32 weeks gestational age), on cardiovascular health 1, 2. Individuals born preterm display both structural and functional cardiovascular alterations, which include higher blood pressure,2 microvasculature rarefaction,3, 4 increased vascular resistance,5 as well as changes in heart shape and function,6, 7, 8 which are independent harbingers of hypertension and cardiovascular disease 9, 10. Given that rates of preterm birth have increased along with improved survival, it is expected that the absolute number of adults born preterm, and therefore at risk of developing cardiovascular disease, will escalate in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial Colony‐Forming Cells in Young Adults Born Preterm: A Novel Link Between Neonatal Complications and Adult Risks for Cardiovascular Disease

Bertagnolli

Xie

Paquette

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundPreterm birth is linked to cardiovascular risks and diseases. Endothelial progenitor cells play a critical role in vascular development and repair. Cord blood endothelial progenitor cells of preterm‐born infants, especially endothelial colony‐forming cells (ECFC), show enhanced susceptibility to prematurity‐related pro‐oxidant stress. Whether ECFC dysfunction is present in adulthood following preterm birth is unknown.Methods and ResultsThis cross‐sectional observational study includes 55 preterm‐born (≤29 gestational weeks) young adults (18–29 years old, 38% male) and 55 sex‐ and age‐matched full‐term controls. ECFC were isolated from peripheral blood; cell proliferative and vascular cord formation capacities were assessed in vitro. Daytime systolic blood pressure was higher, whereas glucose tolerance and body mass index were lower in preterm‐born subjects. ECFC colonies grew in culture for 62% of full‐term‐ and 58% of preterm‐born participants. Preterm‐born participants have formed ECFC colonies later in culture and have reduced proliferation compared with controls. Only in preterm‐born individuals, we observed that the later the ECFC colony grows in culture, the worse was overall ECFC function. In addition, in preterms, elevated systolic blood pressure significantly correlated with reduced ECFC proliferation (rS=−0.463; P=0.030) and numbers of branches formed on matrigel (rS=−0.443; P=0.039). In preterm‐born subjects, bronchopulmonary dysplasia was associated with impaired ECFC function, whereas exposure to antenatal steroids related to better ECFC function.ConclusionsThis study is the first to examine ECFC in preterm‐born adults and to demonstrate ECFC dysfunction compared with full‐term controls. In the preterm‐born group, ECFC dysfunction was associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the major prematurity‐related neonatal morbidity, and with increased systolic blood pressure into adulthood.

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Developmental Conditioning of the Vasculature

Clough

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

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There is increasing evidence from epidemiological and experimental animal studies that the early life environment, of which nutrition is a key component, acts through developmental adaptive responses to set the capacity of cardiovascular and metabolic pathways to respond to physiological and pathophysiological challenges in later life. One finding that is consistent to both population studies and animal models is the propensity for such effects to induce endothelial dysfunction throughout the vascular tree, including the microvasculature. Obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension are associated with changes in microvascular function affecting multiple tissues and organs. These changes may be detected early, often before the onset of macrovascular disease and the development of end organ damage. Suboptimal maternal nutrition and fetal growth result in reduced microvascular perfusion and functional dilator capacity in the offspring, which together with microvascular rarefaction and remodeling serve to limit capillary recruitment, reduce exchange capacity and increase diffusion distances of metabolic substrates; they also increase local and overall peripheral resistance. This article explores how a developmentally conditioned disadvantageous microvascular phenotype may represent an important and additional risk factor for increased susceptibility to the development of cardio-metabolic disease in adult life and considers the cell signaling pathways associated with microvascular dysfunction that may be "primed" by the maternal environment. As the microvasculature has been shown to be a potential target for early therapeutic and lifestyle intervention, this article also considers evidence for the efficacy of such strategies in humans and in animal models of the developmental origins of health and disease.

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Lower skin capillary density, normal endothelial function and higher blood pressure in children born preterm

Cited by 107 publications

References 29 publications

Preterm birth with antenatal corticosteroid administration has injurious and persistent effects on the structure and composition of the aorta and pulmonary artery

Preterm birth with antenatal corticosteroid administration has injurious and persistent effects on the structure and composition of the aorta and pulmonary artery

Endothelial Colony‐Forming Cells in Young Adults Born Preterm: A Novel Link Between Neonatal Complications and Adult Risks for Cardiovascular Disease

Developmental Conditioning of the Vasculature

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